TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolff, Wanja
A2  - Wolff, Wanja
A2  - Brand, Ralf
A2  - Baumgarten, Franz
A2  - Lösel, Johanna
A2  - Ziegler, Matthias
DB  - BISp
DP  - BISp
KW  - Doping
KW  - Dopingbekämpfung
KW  - Dopingprävention
KW  - Drogenmissbrauch
KW  - Einstellung
KW  - Einstellung, innere
KW  - Hirndoping
KW  - Kognition
KW  - Leistung, kognitive
KW  - Leistungsfähigkeit, geistige
KW  - Leistungssteigerung
KW  - Medikamentenmissbrauch
KW  - Missbrauch
KW  - Modellierung
KW  - Psychologie
KW  - Student
KW  - Verhaltenspsychologie
LA  - eng
TI  - Modeling students’ instrumental (mis-) use of substances to enhance cognitive performance : neuroenhancement in the light of job demands-resources theory
TT  - Modellierung der instrumentellen (Fehl-) Anwendung von Substanzen durch Studierende zur Verbesserung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit : Neuroenhancement im Lichte der Arbeitstätigkeit-Anforderungen-Ressourcen-Theorie
PY  - 2014
N2  - Background: Healthy university students have been shown to use psychoactive substances, expecting them to be functional means for enhancing their cognitive capacity, sometimes over and above an essentially proficient level. This behavior called Neuroenhancement (NE) has not yet been integrated into a behavioral theory that is able to predict performance. Job Demands Resources (JD-R) Theory for example assumes that strain (e.g. burnout) will occur and influence performance when job demands are high and job resources are limited at the same time. The aim of this study is to investigate whether or not university students’ self-reported NE can be integrated into JD-R Theory’s comprehensive approach to psychological health and performance. Methods: 1,007 students (23.56 ± 3.83 years old, 637 female) participated in an online survey. Lifestyle drug, prescription drug, and illicit substance NE together with the complete set of JD-R variables (demands, burnout, resources, motivation, and performance) were measured. Path models were used in order to test our data’s fit to hypothesized main effects and interactions. Results: JD-R Theory could successfully be applied to describe the situation of university students. NE was mainly associated with the JD-R Theory’s health impairment process: Lifestyle drug NE (p < .05) as well as prescription drug NE (p < .001) is associated with higher burnout scores, and lifestyle drug NE aggravates the study demands-burnout interaction. In addition, prescription drug NE mitigates the protective influence of resources on burnout and on motivation. Conclusion: According to our results, the uninformed trying of NE (i.e., without medical supervision) might result in strain. Increased strain is related to decreased performance. From a public health perspective, intervention strategies should address these costs of non-supervised NE. With regard to future research we propose to model NE as a means to reach an end (i.e. performance enhancement) rather than a target behavior itself. This is necessary to provide a deeper understanding of the behavioral roots and consequences of the phenomenon.
L2  - https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0759-8-12
L2  - https://bpsmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1751-0759-8-12
L2  - https://bpsmedicine.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1751-0759-8-12?site=bpsmedicine.biomedcentral.com
DO  - 10.1186/1751-0759-8-12
SP  - Art.-ID 12; [11 S.]
SN  - 1751-0759
JO  - BioPsychoSocial medicine
IS  - 1
VL  - 8
M3  - Elektronische Ressource (online)
ID  - PU201710008806
ER  -