TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steenstrup, Sophie Elspeth
A2  - Steenstrup, Sophie Elspeth
A2  - Mok, Kam-Ming
A2  - McIntosh, Andrew S.
A2  - Bahr, Roald
A2  - Krosshaug, Tron
DB  - BISp
DP  - BISp
KW  - Analyse, biomechanische
KW  - Auftreffkraft
KW  - Belastung, mechanische
KW  - Geschwindigkeitsverlauf
KW  - Hochleistungssport
KW  - Kopfstoß
KW  - Kopfverletzung
KW  - Materialeigenschaft
KW  - Schutzausrüstung
KW  - Schutzhelm
KW  - Schädelhirnverletzung
KW  - Skihelm
KW  - Skilauf, alpiner
KW  - Skisport
KW  - Sportausrüstung
KW  - Sportmedizin
KW  - Sporttraumatologie
KW  - Verletzungsgefahr
KW  - Videoanalyse
LA  - eng
TI  - Reconstruction of head impacts in FIS World Cup alpine skiing
TT  - Rekonstruktion der Kopfaufschläge im alpinen Skisport des FIS-Weltcups
PY  - 2017
N2  - Introduction: Prior to the 2013/2014 season, the International Ski Federation (FIS) increased the helmet testing speed from 5.4 to 6.8 m/s for alpine downhill, super-G and giant slalom. Whether this increased testing speed reflects head impact velocities in real head injury situations on snow is unclear. We therefore investigated the injury mechanisms and gross head impact biomechanics in seven real head injury situations among World Cup (WC) alpine skiers. Methods: We analysed nine head impacts from seven head injury videos from the FIS Injury Surveillance System, throughout nine WC seasons (2006–2015) in detail. We used commercial video-based motion analysis software to estimate head impact kinematics in two dimensions, including directly preimpact and postimpact, from broadcast video. The sagittal plane angular movement of the head was also measured using angle measurement software. Results: In seven of nine head impacts, the estimated normal to slope preimpact velocity was higher than the current FIS helmet rule of 6.8 m/s (mean 8.1 (±SD 0.6) m/s, range 1.9±0.8 to 12.1±0.4 m/s). The nine head impacts had a mean normal to slope velocity change of 9.3±1.0 m/s, range 5.2±1.1 to 13.5±1.3 m/s. There was a large change in sagittal plane angular velocity (mean 43.3±2.9 rad/s (range 21.2±1.5 to 64.2±3.0 rad/s)) during impact. Conclusion: The estimated normal to slope preimpact velocity was higher than the current FIS helmet rule of 6.8 m/s in seven of nine head impacts.
L2  - https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098050
L2  - https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/52/11/709
DO  - 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098050
SP  - S. 709–715
SN  - 0306-3674
JO  - British journal of sports medicine
IS  - 11
VL  - 52
M3  - Elektronische Ressource (online)
M3  - Gedruckte Ressource
ID  - PU201901000241
ER  -