Abstract des Autors

Trainingszustand und individuellen Leistungsvermögen angepasst werden. Trainings- und Wettkampfbelastung beanspruchen den menschlichen Organismus und erfordern im Anschluss eine ausreichende Regenerationszeit. Das Ausmaß der notwendigen Regenerationszeit variiert interindividuell teils erheblich. Sie ist, neben objektivierbaren Faktoren wie Intensität und Dauer der Belastung, auch vom individuellen Trainingszustand des Sportlers abhängig. Zusätzlich mangelt es im ambitionierten Freizeitsportbereich, häufig an planvoll und professionell begleiteter Reduzierung des Trainingsumfangs nach intensiver Wettkampfbelastung. Die sportliche Betätigung kann somit ihr ursprünglich präventives Potenzial verlieren und zum zusätzlichen Belastungsfaktor werden. Es erscheint daher lohnenswert, kurz- bis mittelfristige Auswirkungen von intensiver Ausdauerbelastung auf den Organismus mittels objektiver, messbarer Parameter darzustellen. Eine Möglichkeit, Rückschlüsse auf vegetative Regulationsprozesse zu ziehen, bietet die Erfassung und Analyse der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV). Bisherige Studienergebnisse deuten auf eine mehrtägige Veränderung der durch Sympathikus und Parasympathikus beeinflussten HRV-Parameter im Frequenzbereich nach einmaliger erschöpfender Ausdauerbelastung hin. Die hier vorgestellte Feldstudie soll untersuchen, ob die beschriebenen Veränderungen der vegetativen Regulation bei ambitionierten Freizeitsportlern nach einem Halbmarathonlauf nachweisbar sind. Zudem sollen mögliche Unterschiede, abhängig vom individuellen Trainingszustand der Sportler, dargestellt werden.

Abstract des Autors

The analysis of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) is a well established concept in sports science and occupational medical research. In the course of this research, the development of the HRV was documented over a period of seven days after intensive athletic endurance (semi-marathon run). This study aimed to elucidate, a possible relationship between morning heart rate variability during the medium-term recovery phase and the physical fitness within a group of leisure-time athletes Moreover, the data should also provide more detailed information about the possible duration and extent of possible vegetative changes during the regeneration phase after long-term endurance. This article presents the results of a 23 participants sampIe with an average age of 32.7 ± 7.9 years, who completed a semi-marathon competition (21.1 km) as part of a running event. During the competition, the heart rate was recorded individually (NN intervals) with the help of a mobile measuring system (Polar RS800CX®). After the competition, a morning 10-minute resting period was carried out for 7 days. The recorded NN data were obtained with the software Kubios HRV® Version 2.0. Based on the maximum power of a previously performed spiroergometric performance diagnosis, two power groups were defined by means of median split (S1 Pmax < 300 watt, n = 11 and S2 Pmax >300 watt, n = 12) and compared with different HRV measurements. The results of the HR measurement showed values of 55.2 ± 4.4/min to max. 58.7 ± 5.6/ min and for group S2 51.0 ± 7.9/min to max. 55.1 ± 4.7/ min. Concerning the evaluation of HRV parameters, namely the time and frequency range, a shift of the vegetative equilibrium towards a raised sympathetic tone was shown for both groups. During at the beginning of the regeneration phase, the variability in the sympathetic and vagal influenced LF band was strongly pronounced and a progressive reduction of the LF variability was observed in the further course. The resulting ratio of low- and high-frequency HRV (LF / HF), an indicator of the sympatho-vagal balance, was most pronounced comparing the second and fifth day of the regeneration phase (3.05 ± 1.37 vs. 1.47 ± 0.76, P < 0.00 t) for the total group. By means of a two-factorial variance analysis, carried out with measurement repeat, no group-specific differences could be detected (p > 0.05). In conclusion, these results are in favour of the thesis that exhaustive exertion leads to a multiple-day, sympathetic-dominated control of the cardiovascular system, which is not necessarily visible, when HR is exclusively monitored. This process was demonstrated within the whole study population, regardless of their previous ergometer performance thus, adapted HRV monitoring could make a valuable contribution to the planning of an individually adapted regeneration process.