Abstract

While analysing body as a fundamental way of human existence it appears that human reality always exists in a specific context in the world, which means that a human being is human only because of his actions in the world. Body is a way of human existence in the world and an organ of actualization and realization of conscious intentions. A man views everything in the world from the perspective of his own body and through the position the body is situated. In this way human body is a starting place of any experience. Body has its own way of perceiving the world and reveals the world to the man in this way. The necessity to reflect upon the essential suppositions that sciences make in analysing the man has recently been emphasized by scientific medicine (Wulf, H.R.; Pedersen, S.A.; Rosenberg, R., 2001) and sports science (Hotz, 1992; Kamper, 1993; Leist, 1993; Prohl, Groeben, 1995 et al.). Historical-logical analysis, i.e. the analysis of the influence of a thinking paradigm (philosophical background) in a specific epoch reveals most consistently how the conception of human body changes. H. Bergson (1932) states that life takes place and carry on in time, yet philosophy does not acknowledge division into periods that science specifies as "here and now". In philosophy time is continuity whereas the man lives in time. According to M. Rubene (2001, p.10), "philosophy that has been dwelling on the contradiction between the eternity of the spirit and the temporality of the body for hundreds of years is now experiencing methodological difficulties". There are caused by concepts, namely, the contents ascribed to the concepts. The contents should be reviewed and those concepts that have outdated should be discarded. We have used hermeneutic standpoint and method to revise the contents of the concept of the body and to analyse the problem of body perception. As the art of interpretation, hermeneutics is essential in understanding human actions. We can say we "understand" another person´s action provided the action can be generalized by our own experience. A conscious person establishes the horizon of his/her perception, and, as H. Gadamer (1999) states, two people fully comprehend each other only when the horizons of their perception merge. Communication, i.e. "questioning of one´s own body" (e.g., training therapy) means coming back to the entirety of one´s own body. Verf.-Referat