Abstract

It was the goal of this manual to collect information and provide novel views on possible health side effects of doping in competitive as well as in recreational sports with regard to medical and psychological effects on athletes both during the years of competition and as long-term side effects. Depending on the type of prohibited substance as well as the amount and duration of intake the occurance of health side effects can not be disclaimed. A lot of articles can be found ranging from case reports up to scientific studies. Numbers of people involved in these studies vary as well as used methods (interviews, questionnaires, biomedical parameters, etc.) do. Because results of literature are inconsistent and sometimes unclear within this manual, scientific knowledge of biomedical side effects of doping of all classes of banned substances mentioned on the IOC doping list were described by well known experts working in this field. Besides the metabolic aspects of drug abuse, side effects both in adulthood and in childhood are analysed. Furthermore, historical aspects of doping are described in general and especially with regard to the national ordered doping practices of the former GDR. Moreover, special attention was given to the severe side effects of children. In addition, the actual issues of an uptake of compounds from the environment with hormonal potential possible risks of nutritional supplements use are described. A major aim of the manual was to harmonise the knowledge of biomedical side effects at an European level and to make the scientific based knowledge available and understandable to the public. The authors and their topics are: 1. Peters, C.; Müller-Platz, C.: Introduction. 2. Yesalis, C.E.; Bahrke, M.S.: The epidemiology of doping in sport. 3. Peters, C.; Schulz, T.; Michna, H.: Side effects of doping: an overview. 4. Kuoppasalmi, K.: Side effects of stimulants. 5. Müller-Platz, C.; Schmidt, S.: Side effects of narcotics and diuretics: review of literature. 6. Jelkmann, W.: Beneficial and adverse effects of erythropoietin therapy. 7. Bidlingmaier, M.; Wu, Z.; Strasburger, C.J.: Side effects of doping with growth hormone. 8. Deligiannis, A.: Cardiac side effects of anabolics. 9. Bloch, W.: Anabolic steroids alter cardiac adaptation to exercise. 10. Müller, R.K.; Müller-Platz, C.: Aggression and anabolic steroid hormones: do anabolic androgenic steroids enhance aggressiveness? 11. Spitzer, G.: Doping in the former GDR. 12. Spitzer, G.: Doping with children. 13. Geyer, H. et al.: Health risks of nutritional supplements. 14. Delbeke, F.: Nutritional supplements and doping. 15. Broeder, C.E.: Androgen related prohormones as nutritional supplements - are their use worth the risk. 16. Mougios, V.: Doping abuse in recreational sports. 17. Koert, A.W.A.; Kleij, R. van: The doping trade: an exploratory study into the trade of performance enhancing drugs in the Netherlands. 18. Kuipers, H.: Is the present doping definition still appropriate? Verf.-Referat und Inhaltsverzeichnis