Abstract des Autors

The purpose of this study was to measure and evaluate the relationship of short-term 30-s and a 60-s maximal anaerobic performance, respiratory gas exchange measures, corresponding lactate values, FIS point list, and the relationship of various physiological variables to skiing performance in young elite female National US Alpine Ski Team (C-Team) competitors at an altitude of 2000 meters. Six competitive women who were members of the National US Alpine Ski Team, 18.0-19.0 years of age (females, n=6, aged 18.2+/-0.4 years, WT 64.5+/-3.8 Kg, HT 164.0+/-4.9 cm) attending a summer race camp at Mt. Hood, Oregon were tested during the summer of 1995. Muscle power and lactate (LA) levels were measured pre and post 2 and 3 min of 30-s and 60-s of Wingate Tests (WAnT). All WAnT were conducted on a mechanically braked leg cycle ergometer (Monark 814E) and absolute (A) and relative (R) peak (PPO), mean (MPO), minimum (MinPO) power output and fatigue index (FI) were recorded using computer software. Maximal efforts during 30-s and 60-s tests were performed against the resistance of 0.075 kp/kg (75 gram) of individual body weight (BW). Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after peak exercise, and 2 and 3 min of recovery and analyzed for LA. Respiratory gas exchange measures via breath by breath analysis were measured and recorded utilizing the V-MAX SensorMedics metabolic cart. Student t-tests were conducted to determine significant differences between the 30-s and 60-s variables for all power outputs, selected respiratory gas exchange measures, LA, and FIS points. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between FIS points for all skiing events and any of the A and R power results and respiratory gas exchange measures from the anaerobic power tests. All power measures are expressed in either absolute or relative terms and expressed in Watts (W). The combined group of subjects achieved the following APPO and RPPO results following the 30-s WAnT at 75 g/kg BW resistance: APPO of 573.5+/-96.7; AMPO of 429.3+/-55.1; AMinPO of 319.0+/-46.8; and FI of 43.3%+/-11.6. Relative results of 30-s WAnT were 8.9+/-1.3 for RPPO; RMPO of 6.6+/-0.6; and RMinPO of 4.9+/-0.77. Following the 60-s test the APPO measured was 634.5+/-45.5; AMPO of 397.5+/-30.7; AMinPO of 262.2+/-49.6; and FI of 58.4%+/-8.8. Results of relative power at 60-s were: RPPO of 9.9+/-0.9; RMPO of 6.2+/-0.3; and RMinPO of 4.0+/-0.6. Peak LA values for 30-s tests were 14.4+/-4.5, mmol/l for min 2 and 14.3+/-4.3 for min 3. Peek LA values for the 60-s WAnT test were 18.9+/-2.1 for min 2 and 18.5+/-1.5 mmol/l for minute 3. Peak VO2 measures were 52.5+/-6.1 O2 ml/kg/min and pulmonary ventilation (VE) of 156.3+/-35.2 l/min for the 30-s test and 41.6+/-4.7 O2 ml/kg/min with corresponding VE of 128.1+/-23.1 l/min. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences for FI between the 30-s and 60-s test (p<0.02), LA values for min 2 and min 3 (p<0.04) and for VO2 (p<0.006) between the 30-s and 60-s tests. Significant positive and negative correlation (r) for numerous power test measures, FIS points and weight was observed. Down-hill (DH) correlated negatively with 60 AMPO of r=-84 (p<0.03) and FI correlated positively with DH at r=0.92 (p<0.009). Slalom (SL) correlated negatively with 30-s FI at r=-0.73 (p<0.05). Giant Slalom (GS) correlated positively with 30-s and 60-s WAnT of r=0.81 (p<0.5) respectively. Super-Giant Slalom (SGS) correlated positively with 30-s AMPO of r=0.91 (p<0.01), LA values for the min 3 for 60-s test of r=0.85 (p<0.03) and VO2 measures for the 60-s test of r=0.84 (p<0.04). Body weight correlated positively for the 60-s AMPO test of r=0.82 (p<0.04). The physiological demands of Alpine skiing have repeatedly shown anaerobic power to correlate well with success of national and international level athletes. Our study suggests that several test indices may serve as performance predictors or indicators of the range of performance scores an individual ski racer must achieve to maintain his or her competitive edge. A stronger relationship can be obtained between power tests and skiing success if tests of different duration and intensity are optimized for size and gender. Verf.-Referat