Abstract

The shoulder and the elbow in boxing are affected by a very low percentage of injuries due to direct or indirect traumatisms, in contrast to the distal tract of the upper limbs, namely the wrist and hand. In practice the injuries to the shoulders and the elbow due to boxing fall generally in the ambit of the muscular-tendinous pathology, the capsuloligamentous and osteo-articular categories. This pathology due to the boxing is closely linked to the biomechanical relationship among the rapidity of the movement, the angulation of the movement and the resistance felt by the blow. These are the three elements that vary according to the distance between the shoulder and the area of the blow. The biomechanical E.M.G. study defines in detail the muscles which are principally used in boxing: the deltoid muscle, tha brachial biceps and triceps, and the upper spinous, respectively in the direct punch, the uppercut, the hook punch and the defensive position. In the conclusive considerations, the authors list the main points concerning the prevention of injuries to the upper limbs due to boxing. Verf.-Referat