Zusammenfassung

The research objectives are : - Constructing a scale to recognize the most important administrative and technical difficulties faced by the basketball referees in Iraq. - Identifying the degree of the administrative and technical difficulties faced by the basketball referees in Iraq. - Identifying the kind of relationship between the administrative and technical difficulties that face the referees . The researcher has hypothesized the following : - There were administrative and technical difficulties facing the basketball referees in Iraq. - There was a moral significant relationship among the administrative and technical difficulties faced by the referees. The researchers have used the descriptive methodology with survey style for its convenience to the nature of the research. The research community includes basketball referees working in Iraq and holding international certificates , first, second , and third degrees in the branch sport unions for basketball in Iraq as (160) referees. The sample includes two parts : the first part includes the construction sample as (120) referees working with the branch sport unions of basketball in Iraq .The second part includes the application sample as (40) referees . The questionnaire has been used as a means of collecting data .So ,the researchers have constructed a scale of administrative and technical difficulties . The scale includes (43) items .The data were treated statistically by using :the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage law, assumptirn mean, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-Test for two independent samples, Alpha coefficient, Getman equation, and Spearman Brown equation. The important results were : - The validity of the scale of the administrative and technical difficulties faced by the basketball referees working in Iraq. - The degree of the administrative difficulties faced by the basketball referees working in Iraq was (very high) ,while the degree of the technical difficulties faced by the basketball referees working in Iraq was (high) and ...