Factors that influence the performance of elite sprint cross-country skiers
Gespeichert in:
| Deutscher übersetzter Titel: | Faktoren, die die Leistung von Weltklasse-Sprintern im Skilanglauf beeinflussen |
|---|---|
| Autor: | Hébert-Losier, Kim; Zinner, Christoph; Platt, Simon; Stöggl, Thomas Leonhard; Holmberg, Hans-Christer |
| Erschienen in: | Sports medicine |
| Veröffentlicht: | 47 (2017), 2, S. 319-342, Lit. |
| Format: | Literatur (SPOLIT) |
| Publikationstyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
| Medienart: | Elektronische Ressource (online) Gedruckte Ressource |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| ISSN: | 0112-1642, 1179-2035 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s40279-016-0573-2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online Zugang: | |
| Erfassungsnummer: | PU201704002895 |
| Quelle: | BISp |
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PU201704002895 |
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Literatur |
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Zeitschriftenartikel |
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Sports medicine |
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Sports medicine, 2017, 2 |
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Factors that influence the performance of elite sprint cross-country skiers |
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2017 |
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2017 |
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eng |
| title |
Factors that influence the performance of elite sprint cross-country skiers |
| spellingShingle |
Factors that influence the performance of elite sprint cross-country skiers Anthropometrie Ausdauerleistung Bewegungsablauf Bewegungskoordination Biomechanik Forschung, empirische Forschungsstand Hochleistungssport Leistungsfähigkeit, sportartspezifische Leistungsphysiologie Literaturübersicht Motorik Muskelkraft Neurophysiologie Skelettmuskulatur Skilanglauf Sprint Technik, sportliche |
| title_sort |
factors that influence the performance of elite sprint crosscountry skiers |
| title_short |
Factors that influence the performance of elite sprint cross-country skiers |
| title_alt |
Faktoren, die die Leistung von Weltklasse-Sprintern im Skilanglauf beeinflussen |
| title_alt_lang |
deu |
| media_type |
Elektronische Ressource (online) Gedruckte Ressource |
| city |
Heidelberg |
| abstract_lang |
eng |
| abstract_type |
author |
| author2 |
Hébert-Losier, Kim Zinner, Christoph Platt, Simon Stöggl, Thomas Leonhard Holmberg, Hans-Christer |
| author_facet |
Hébert-Losier, Kim Zinner, Christoph Platt, Simon Stöggl, Thomas Leonhard Holmberg, Hans-Christer |
| author2-role |
Autor Autor Autor Autor Autor |
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P170962 P149988 P128823 P157730 |
| author_author_facet |
Hébert-Losier, Kim Zinner, Christoph Platt, Simon Stöggl, Thomas Leonhard Holmberg, Hans-Christer |
| author2-synonym |
Stöggl, Thomas L. ,Stöggl, Thomas |
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0/Autor/ 1/Autor/Hébert-Losier, Kim/ 0/Autor/ 1/Autor/Zinner, Christoph/ 0/Autor/ 1/Autor/Platt, Simon/ 0/Autor/ 1/Autor/Stöggl, Thomas Leonhard/ 0/Autor/ 1/Autor/Holmberg, Hans-Christer/ |
| doi |
10.1007/s40279-016-0573-2 10.1007/s40279-016-0573-2 |
| spelling |
10.1007/s40279-016-0573-2 10.1007/s40279-016-0573-2 0112-1642 1179-2035 605911-9 Anthropometrie Ausdauerleistung Bewegungsablauf Bewegungskoordination Biomechanik Forschung, empirische Forschungsstand Hochleistungssport Leistungsfähigkeit, sportartspezifische Leistungsphysiologie Literaturübersicht Motorik Muskelkraft Neurophysiologie Skelettmuskulatur Skilanglauf Sprint Technik, sportliche anthropometry biomechanics cross-country skiing empirical research endurance performance exercise physiology literature survey motor system movement coordination movement process muscle strength neurophysiology performance capacity, sport-event-specific research, state of skeletal muscles sport technique sprint top-level sport Bibliographie Literaturüberblick Literaturstudie Literatursammlung Kurzstreckenläufer Läufer Sprintschnelligkeitstraining Lauf Sprinter Läuferin Skifahren Skifahrer Skilangläufer Skilauf Skilaufen Skitechnik Langlaufbindung Langlaufschritt Langlaufski Langlauf Skilauf, nordischer Langlauftechnik Hochleistungssportler Spitzensport Wettbewerbssport Wettkampfsport Hochleistungssportlerin Hochleistungstraining Höchstleistungstraining Spitzensportler Fähigkeit, sportartspezifische Leistung, sportartspezifische Leistungsstärke Leistungsstand Leistungsvermögen Spielstärke Biostatistik Biometrie Somatometrie Bewegung, physikalische Merkmal, biomechanisches Biokinematik Prinzip, biomechanisches Physiologie Muskulatur Skelettmuskel Muskel Arbeitsphysiologie Sportphysiologie Körperkoordination Koordination Koordination, perzeptivmotorische Koordinationsfähigkeit Koordinationsvermögen Koordinierung Bewegungstechnik Fertigkeit, technische Technik, spezielle Technik, spezifische Technik, sportartspezifische Anthropomotorik Triebmotorik Kraft bibliography dash high-performance sport performance ability, sport-event-specific performance capability, sport-event-specific fitness, sport-event-specific physiology of exercise performance physiology motor coordination motor behavior motor functions motor patterns motor performance motor system, theory of the muscle force Factors that influence the performance of elite sprint cross-country skiers PU201704002895 201704002895 |
| url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-016-0573-2 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0573-2 http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs40279-016-0573-2.pdf https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0573-2 |
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fulltext fulltext fulltext fulltext |
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1 0 1 1 |
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1 |
| issn |
0112-1642 1179-2035 |
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605911-9 |
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0/Deutschland/ 1/Deutschland/Baden-Württemberg/ 0/Deutschland/ 1/Deutschland/Baden-Württemberg/ 0/Deutschland/ 1/Deutschland/Baden-Württemberg/ |
| topic |
Anthropometrie Ausdauerleistung Bewegungsablauf Bewegungskoordination Biomechanik Forschung, empirische Forschungsstand Hochleistungssport Leistungsfähigkeit, sportartspezifische Leistungsphysiologie Literaturübersicht Motorik Muskelkraft Neurophysiologie Skelettmuskulatur Skilanglauf Sprint Technik, sportliche |
| topic_facet |
Anthropometrie Ausdauerleistung Bewegungsablauf Bewegungskoordination Biomechanik Forschung, empirische Forschungsstand Hochleistungssport Leistungsfähigkeit, sportartspezifische Leistungsphysiologie Literaturübersicht Motorik Muskelkraft Neurophysiologie Skelettmuskulatur Skilanglauf Sprint Technik, sportliche |
| topic_en |
anthropometry biomechanics cross-country skiing empirical research endurance performance exercise physiology literature survey motor system movement coordination movement process muscle strength neurophysiology performance capacity, sport-event-specific research, state of skeletal muscles sport technique sprint top-level sport |
| topic_en_facet |
anthropometry biomechanics cross-country skiing empirical research endurance performance exercise physiology literature survey motor system movement coordination movement process muscle strength neurophysiology performance capacity, sport-event-specific research, state of skeletal muscles sport technique sprint top-level sport |
| synonym |
Bibliographie Literaturüberblick Literaturstudie Literatursammlung Kurzstreckenläufer Läufer Sprintschnelligkeitstraining Lauf Sprinter Läuferin Skifahren Skifahrer Skilangläufer Skilauf Skilaufen Skitechnik Langlaufbindung Langlaufschritt Langlaufski Langlauf Skilauf, nordischer Langlauftechnik Hochleistungssportler Spitzensport Wettbewerbssport Wettkampfsport Hochleistungssportlerin Hochleistungstraining Höchstleistungstraining Spitzensportler Fähigkeit, sportartspezifische Leistung, sportartspezifische Leistungsstärke Leistungsstand Leistungsvermögen Spielstärke Biostatistik Biometrie Somatometrie Bewegung, physikalische Merkmal, biomechanisches Biokinematik Prinzip, biomechanisches Physiologie Muskulatur Skelettmuskel Muskel Arbeitsphysiologie Sportphysiologie Körperkoordination Koordination Koordination, perzeptivmotorische Koordinationsfähigkeit Koordinationsvermögen Koordinierung Bewegungstechnik Fertigkeit, technische Technik, spezielle Technik, spezifische Technik, sportartspezifische Anthropomotorik Triebmotorik Kraft |
| synonym_en |
bibliography dash high-performance sport performance ability, sport-event-specific performance capability, sport-event-specific fitness, sport-event-specific physiology of exercise performance physiology motor coordination motor behavior motor functions motor patterns motor performance motor system, theory of the muscle force |
| journal_facet |
Sports medicine |
| container_title |
Sports medicine |
| container_volume |
47 |
| container_issue |
2 |
| container_start_page |
S. 319-342 |
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1 |
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BISp |
| journal_fac |
JO00000001411 |
| journal_year |
2017 |
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2 |
| _version_ |
1791510814306336768 |
| abstract |
Background: Sprint events in cross-country skiing are unique not only with respect to their length (0.8–1.8 km), but also in involving four high-intensity heats of ~3 min in duration, separated by a relatively short recovery period (15–60 min). Objective: Our aim was to systematically review the scientific literature to identify factors related to the performance of elite sprint cross-country skiers. Methods: Four electronic databases were searched using relevant medical subject headings and keywords, as were reference lists, relevant journals, and key authors in the field. Only original research articles addressing physiology, biomechanics, anthropometry, or neuromuscular characteristics and elite sprint cross-country skiers and performance outcomes were included. All articles meeting inclusion criteria were quality assessed. Data were extracted from each article using a standardized form and subsequently summarized. Results: Thirty-one articles met the criteria for inclusion, were reviewed, and scored an average of 66 ± 7 % (range 56–78 %) upon quality assessment. All articles except for two were quasi-experimental, and only one had a fully-experimental research design. In total, articles comprised 567 subjects (74 % male), with only nine articles explicitly reporting their skiers’ sprint International Skiing Federation points (weighted mean 116 ± 78). A similar number of articles addressed skating and classical techniques, with more than half of the investigations involving roller-skiing assessments under laboratory conditions. A range of physiological, biomechanical, anthropometric, and neuromuscular characteristics was reported to relate to sprint skiing performance. Both aerobic and anaerobic capacities are important qualities, with the anaerobic system suggested to contribute more to the performance during the first of repeated heats; and the aerobic system during subsequent heats. A capacity for high speed in all the following instances is important for the performance of sprint cross-country skiers: at the start of the race, at any given point when required (e.g., when being challenged by a competitor), and in the final section of each heat. Although high skiing speed is suggested to rely primarily on high cycle rates, longer cycle lengths are commonly observed in faster skiers. In addition, faster skiers rely on different technical strategies when approaching peak speeds, employ more effective techniques, and use better coordinated movements to optimize generation of propulsive force from the resultant ski and pole forces. Strong uphill technique is critical to race performance since uphill segments are the most influential on race outcomes. A certain strength level is required, although more does not necessarily translate to superior sprint skiing performance, and sufficient strength-endurance capacities are also of importance to minimize the impact and accumulation of fatigue during repeated heats. Lastly, higher lean mass does appear to benefit sprint skiers’ performance, with no clear advantage conferred via body height and mass. Limitations: Generalization of findings from one study to the next is challenging considering the array of experimental tasks, variables defining performance, fundamental differences between skiing techniques, and evolution of sprint skiing competitions. Although laboratory-based measures can effectively assess on-snow skiing performance, conclusions drawn from roller-skiing investigations might not fully apply to on-snow skiing performance. A low number of subjects were females (only 17 %), warranting further studies to better understand this population. Lastly, more training studies involving high-level elite sprint skiers and investigations pertaining to the ability of skiers to maintain high-sprint speeds at the end of races are recommended to assist in understanding and improving high-level sprint skiing performance, and resilience to fatigue. Conclusions: Successful sprint cross-country skiing involves well-developed aerobic and anaerobic capacities, high speed abilities, effective biomechanical techniques, and the ability to develop high forces rapidly. A certain level of strength is required, particularly ski-specific strength, as well as the ability to withstand fatigue across the repeated heats of sprint races. Cross-country sprint skiing is demonstrably a demanding and complex sport, where high-performance skiers need to simultaneously address physiological, biomechanical, anthropometric, and neuromuscular aspects to ensure success. |
| score |
13,560151 |