Amateur boxing in the last 59 years : impact of rules changes on the type of verdicts recorded and implications on boxers’ health
Gespeichert in:
| Deutscher übersetzter Titel: | Amateurboxen in den letzten 59 Jahren : Auswirkungen von Regeländerungen auf die nachgewiesenen Ergebnisse und auf die Gesundheit der Boxer |
|---|---|
| Autor: | Bianco, Massimiliano; Loosemore, Mike; Daniele, Gianlorenzo; Palmieri, Vincenzo; Faina, Marcello; Zeppilli, Paolo |
| Erschienen in: | British journal of sports medicine |
| Veröffentlicht: | 47 (2013), 7, S. 452–457, Lit. |
| Format: | Literatur (SPOLIT) |
| Publikationstyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
| Medienart: | Elektronische Ressource (online) Gedruckte Ressource |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| ISSN: | 0306-3674, 1473-0480 |
| DOI: | 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091771 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online Zugang: | |
| Erfassungsnummer: | PU201703002094 |
| Quelle: | BISp |
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PU201703002094 |
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db |
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Literatur |
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2017-09-04T15:27:16Z |
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2017-03-22T09:57:23Z |
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British journal of sports medicine |
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British journal of sports medicine, 2013, 7 |
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PU201703002094 |
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Amateur boxing in the last 59 years : impact of rules changes on the type of verdicts recorded and implications on boxers’ health |
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0452 |
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bisparticle |
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2013 |
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2013 |
| language |
eng |
| title |
Amateur boxing in the last 59 years : impact of rules changes on the type of verdicts recorded and implications on boxers’ health |
| spellingShingle |
Amateur boxing in the last 59 years : impact of rules changes on the type of verdicts recorded and implications on boxers’ health Amateurbestimmung Amateurklasse Boxen Gehirnerschütterung Gehirnerschütterung Gesundheitsgefährdung Kopfschutz Kopfverletzung Regelwerk Regeländerung Schädelhirnverletzung Sportmedizin Verletzungsart Verletzungshäufigkeit Verletzungsprophylaxe |
| title_sort |
amateur boxing in the last 59 years impact of rules changes on the type of verdicts recorded and implications on boxers’ health |
| title_short |
Amateur boxing in the last 59 years : impact of rules changes on the type of verdicts recorded and implications on boxers’ health |
| title_alt |
Amateurboxen in den letzten 59 Jahren : Auswirkungen von Regeländerungen auf die nachgewiesenen Ergebnisse und auf die Gesundheit der Boxer |
| title_alt_lang |
deu |
| media_type |
Elektronische Ressource (online) Gedruckte Ressource |
| city |
Loughborough |
| abstract |
Background/aim: Several changes have occurred in Olympic boxing (OB) in the last few decades, influencing the results in official competitions. The aim of this study was to assess how the evolution of rules changed the rate of the results that can influence boxers’ health.
Methods: From a web-research, the results of OB tournaments from 1952 to 2011 were reviewed (29 357 bouts). For each event, rate of knockout (KO), referee-stop contest (RSC), RSC-Head (RSCH), RSC-Injury (RSCI), RSC-Outclassed (RSCO), abandon, disqualification and points decisions were recorded. In our analysis we investigated the changes that occurred after the introduction of the standing-count rule (1964), mandatory head guard (1984), computerised scoring system (1992), RSCO (2000–2009) and modification of bout formula 3×3 min rounds (3×3, until 1997, 5×2 min rounds (5×2) until 1999, 4×2 min rounds (4×2) until 2008, 3×3 from 2009).
Results: The most important results were: (1) an RSCI rate increase (0.72–2.42%, p<0.03) after the standing-count rule; (2) a lower RSCI (0.60%, p<0.001) and higher RSCH (1.31–4.92%, p<0.001) and RSC (9.71–13.05%, p<0.03) rate with mandatory head guard; (3) a KO rate reduction (6.44–2.09%, p<0.001) with the computerised scoring system; (4) an RSC (13.15–5.91%, p<0.05) and RSCH (4.23–1.41%, p<0.001) rate reduction comparing 5×2–4×2 bouts.
Conclusions: In the last six decades, along with rule changes in OB, a clear reduction of health challenging results was observed. In the near future, older rules will be adopted (no head guard and a manual scoring system). Continued medical surveillance is important to ensure that new rule changes do not result in poor medical outcomes for the boxers. |
| abstract_lang |
eng |
| abstract_type |
author |
| author2 |
Bianco, Massimiliano Loosemore, Mike Daniele, Gianlorenzo Palmieri, Vincenzo Faina, Marcello Zeppilli, Paolo |
| author_facet |
Bianco, Massimiliano Loosemore, Mike Daniele, Gianlorenzo Palmieri, Vincenzo Faina, Marcello Zeppilli, Paolo |
| author2-role |
Autor Autor Autor Autor Autor Autor |
| author2-authorityid |
|
| author_author_facet |
Bianco, Massimiliano Loosemore, Mike Daniele, Gianlorenzo Palmieri, Vincenzo Faina, Marcello Zeppilli, Paolo |
| author2-synonym |
|
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0/Autor/ 1/Autor/Bianco, Massimiliano/ 0/Autor/ 1/Autor/Loosemore, Mike/ 0/Autor/ 1/Autor/Daniele, Gianlorenzo/ 0/Autor/ 1/Autor/Palmieri, Vincenzo/ 0/Autor/ 1/Autor/Faina, Marcello/ 0/Autor/ 1/Autor/Zeppilli, Paolo/ |
| doi |
10.1136/bjsports-2012-091771 |
| spelling |
10.1136/bjsports-2012-091771 0306-3674 1473-0480 BJSMD 600592-5 Amateurbestimmung Amateurklasse Boxen Gehirnerschütterung Gehirnerschütterung Gesundheitsgefährdung Kopfschutz Kopfverletzung Regelwerk Regeländerung Schädelhirnverletzung Sportmedizin Verletzungsart Verletzungshäufigkeit Verletzungsprophylaxe amateur class amateur rule boxing concussion of the brain coomotio cerebri craniocerebral injury head injury head protection health hazard injury, type of injury frequency injury prophylaxis rule change rules sports medicine Medizin Geschichte der Medizin Untersuchung, sportmedizinische Wasserdampf Boxer Boxsport Amateurboxer Boxstellung Boxtechnik Doppelendball Gerader Stoss Linksauslage Maisbirne Punchingball Rechtsauslage Ringarzt Leberhaken Sandsack Rennmütze Sturzkappe Änderung Veränderung Regel Regelkunde Gefahr Gesundheitsrisiko Kopfballverletzung Häufigkeit Prophylaxe Hirnkontusion change of the rules injury of the head frequency of injuries injury prevention brain concussion cerebral commotion commotio cerebri Amateur boxing in the last 59 years : impact of rules changes on the type of verdicts recorded and implications on boxers’ health PU201703002094 201703002094 |
| url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091771 http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/47/7/452.full.pdf |
| url-type |
fulltext fulltext |
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1 1 |
| free_access |
1 |
| issn |
0306-3674 1473-0480 |
| coden |
BJSMD |
| zdb |
600592-5 |
| location_hierarchy_facet |
0/Großbritannien/ 1/Großbritannien/England/ |
| topic |
Amateurbestimmung Amateurklasse Boxen Gehirnerschütterung Gehirnerschütterung Gesundheitsgefährdung Kopfschutz Kopfverletzung Regelwerk Regeländerung Schädelhirnverletzung Sportmedizin Verletzungsart Verletzungshäufigkeit Verletzungsprophylaxe |
| topic_facet |
Amateurbestimmung Amateurklasse Boxen Gehirnerschütterung Gehirnerschütterung Gesundheitsgefährdung Kopfschutz Kopfverletzung Regelwerk Regeländerung Schädelhirnverletzung Sportmedizin Verletzungsart Verletzungshäufigkeit Verletzungsprophylaxe |
| topic_en |
amateur class amateur rule boxing concussion of the brain coomotio cerebri craniocerebral injury head injury head protection health hazard injury, type of injury frequency injury prophylaxis rule change rules sports medicine |
| topic_en_facet |
amateur class amateur rule boxing concussion of the brain coomotio cerebri craniocerebral injury head injury head protection health hazard injury, type of injury frequency injury prophylaxis rule change rules sports medicine |
| synonym |
Medizin Geschichte der Medizin Untersuchung, sportmedizinische Wasserdampf Boxer Boxsport Amateurboxer Boxstellung Boxtechnik Doppelendball Gerader Stoss Linksauslage Maisbirne Punchingball Rechtsauslage Ringarzt Leberhaken Sandsack Rennmütze Sturzkappe Änderung Veränderung Regel Regelkunde Gefahr Gesundheitsrisiko Kopfballverletzung Häufigkeit Prophylaxe Hirnkontusion |
| synonym_en |
change of the rules injury of the head frequency of injuries injury prevention brain concussion cerebral commotion commotio cerebri |
| journal_facet |
British journal of sports medicine |
| container_title |
British journal of sports medicine |
| container_volume |
47 |
| container_issue |
7 |
| container_start_page |
S. 452–457 |
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1 |
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BISp |
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JO00000000282 |
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2013 |
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7 |
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1810301834980491264 |
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13,265258 |