TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tate, Angela
A2  - Tate, Angela
A2  - Turner, Gregory N.
A2  - Knab, Sarah E.
A2  - Jorgensen, Colbie
A2  - Strittmatter, Andrew
A2  - Michener, Lori A.
DB  - BISp
DP  - BISp
KW  - Belastung, sportliche
KW  - Gelenkinstabilität
KW  - Leistungssport
KW  - Muskelkraft
KW  - Prävention
KW  - Risikofaktor
KW  - Schultergelenk
KW  - Schultermuskulatur
KW  - Schulterschmerz
KW  - Schulterverletzung
KW  - Schwimmen
KW  - Sportlerin
KW  - Sportmedizin
KW  - Sporttraumatologie
KW  - Trainingsbelastung
KW  - Trainingsgestaltung
KW  - Verletzungsprophylaxe
LA  - eng
TI  - Risk factors associated with shoulder pain and disability across the lifespan of competitive swimmers
TT  - Risikofaktoren in Verbindung mit Schulterschmerz und -schädigung im Lebenslauf von Leistungsschwimmerinnen
PY  - 2012
N2  - Context: The prevalence of shoulder pain among competitive swimmers is high, but no guidelines exist to reduce shoulder injuries. Elucidating differences between swimmers with and without shoulder pain can serve as a basis for the development of a program to prevent shoulder injury that might lead to pain and dysfunction. Objective: To determine whether physical characteristics, exposure, or training variables differ between swimmers with and without shoulder pain or disability. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Multisite swimming centers. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 236 competitive female swimmers aged 8 to 77 years. Data Collection and Analysis: Participants completed the Penn Shoulder Score and underwent testing of core endurance, range of motion, muscle force production, and pectoralis minor muscle length and the Scapular Dyskinesis Test. Swimmers were grouped by age for analysis: ages 8 to 11 years (n = 42), 12 to 14 years (n = 43), 15 to 19 years (high school, n = 84), and 23 to 77 years (masters, n = 67). Comparisons were made between groups with and without pain and disability using independent t tests for continuous data and χ2 analyses and Fisher exact tests for categorical data. Results: Nine (21.4%) swimmers aged 8 to 11 years, 8 (18.6%) swimmers aged 12 to 14 years, 19 (22.6%) high school swimmers, and 13 (19.4%) masters swimmers had shoulder pain and disability. Differences that were found in 2 or more age groups between athletes with and without shoulder pain and disability included greater swimming exposure, a higher incidence of previous traumatic injury and patient-rated shoulder instability, and reduced participation in another sport in the symptomatic groups (P < .05). Reduced shoulder flexion motion, weakness of the middle trapezius and internal rotation, shorter pectoralis minor and latissimus, participation in water polo, and decreased core endurance were found in symptomatic females in single varying age groups (P < .05). Conclusions: Female competitive swimmers have shoulder pain and disability throughout their lives. Given that exposure and physical examination findings varied between athletes with and without substantial pain and disability, a program to prevent shoulder injury that might lead to pain and dysfunction appears warranted and might include exposure reduction, cross-training, pectoral and posterior shoulder stretching, strengthening, and core endurance training.  Verf.-Referat
L2  - http://natajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.4085/1062-6050-47.2.149
SP  - S. 149-158
SN  - 1062-6050
JO  - Journal of athletic training
IS  - 2
VL  - 47
M3  - Elektronische Ressource (online)
M3  - Gedruckte Ressource
ID  - PU201205003608
ER  -