Abstract des Autors

Sport is a social phenomena. Its essence, importance, ways of expression is determined in universal context, especially by cultural, political and economical sphere. Society transformation has several essential features – transition from totality to democracy, building-up the political system of pluralism and legal state as well as transition from planned economy to market economy. Politics created fundamental scope form transformation of sport, particularly by means of laws, which guaranteed transition from totality to parliamentary democracy. It was mainly about free and democratic establishment of sport alliances and associations based on real citizen’s interest, democratic principles of their functioning and forming their administrative organs, a new character of relationship between alliances and state. Creating a market milieu had conspicuous impact on the sport sphere. Sport entities – clubs, sections, associations, unions – had to adapted to market milieu, learn how to do business, and through business activities earn financial funds needed to fulfil their main task. Another aspect that brings rather contradictory tendencies is commercialisation and professionalisation of sport, eventually its top contests. It is important in sport for all to make all motor activities necessary and valuable for all members of the society and become a constant part of their lifestyles. This process is mainly determined by emancipation of the spiritual culture and creating the new social structure. The process of accepting the new values, standards, examples in citizens behaviour, forming the new lifestyles corresponding with actual condition takes the longest period of time. Differences in individual social groups determine also the process of socialisation and re-socialisation, differences between their lifestyles, interests, and needs. Consequently large number of subcultures in society were created. The main subcultures might by assigned according to social, ethnical, national, religious, generation and regional-settlement aspect. The most complicated situation besides Gypsy ethnic group is in the case of the weakened social groups with the lowest income, long term
unemployed and youth. In these cases the state help and the help of local bodies and self-government administration is necessary. They can help them in the process of socialisation and offer them available facilities to do sports in town and villages. Verf.-Ref.