Abstract

Following the publication of the first edition of 'Fundamentals in Sports Injury Management', an introductory text, the second edition of Sports Injury Management was developed to address the needs of the more advanced athletic training student. Chapter 1, Sports Injury Management and the Athletic Trainer, presents up-to-date information on certification standards of the athletic trainer, and legal concerns of the profession. Chapter 2, Preparticipation Examination, presents current standards for the administration of a preparticipation exam (PPE), including goals for the PPE, setting up the exam utilizing a group format, taking a medical history, conducting the physical exam, standards for determining the physical fitness profile, and finally, the criteria used to determine if the individual should be allowed to participate and at what level of intensity. Chapter 3, Protective Equipment, describes the most popular materials used to design protective pads, discusses liability issues associated with protective equipment, provides a weekly helmet inspection checklist, and summarizes the proper fitting of protective equipment with an expanded section on the selection and fit of athletic footwear. Chapter 4, Sport Injury Assessment, details the injury evaluation process using the SOAP note format. Specific on-the-field assessment procedures and techniques to move the injured participant are then followed by coverage of various diagnostic testing techniques used to help the physician diagnose the injury. Chapter 5, Tissue Healing and Wound Care, seeks to simplify the complex process of soft tissue healing, and discusses the role of growth factors in facilitating the process. New information is presented on soft tissue wound care, including current universal precautions and infection control standards. A new section has been added on bone injury management, nerve injury classifications, and general management of nerve injuries. Chapter 6, Therapeutic Modalities, explains the electromagnetic spectrum and clinical use of cryotherapy, thermotherapy, ultrasound, diathermy, electrotherapy, and other treatment modalities. An added section includes medications used in the rehabilitation of athletic training injuries. Chapter 7, Therapeutic Exercise, now includes extensive coverage of the psychological aspects of the injured participant and explains the athletic trainer's role in recognizing, intervening, and referring the injured athlete to an appropriate professional if psychological problems hinder the rehabilitation process. Also covered is information on the effects of immobilization and remobilization, general principles of joint mobilization, detailed discussion on the principles of proprioception, and the functional application of exercise. Expanded joint Chapters 8-16 cover specific injuries or conditions organized by body regions. Each chapter has been expanded to include the most current, comprehensive coverage of each condition. Each chapter opens with an expanded coverage of joint anatomy with detailed illustrations drawn by a medical illustrationist. Kinematics and major muscle actions, kinetics of the region, and injury prevention strategies are also presented. Chapters are organized to provide information on contusions, sprains, strains, overuse conditions, fractures, and nerve entrapment syndromes. Each condition is explained, signs and symptoms are identified, and management protocols are provided. Conditions that warrant immediate transportation to the nearest medical facility are highlighted by an icon. Finally, general rehabilitation exercises are included to offer the student a consistent format in rehabilitating the various body regions. Chapter 8, Head and Facial Conditions, now includes a comparison of the different classifications used to define the various degrees of brain dysfunction in cerebral concussions, and provides the more current techniques used to determine the history of a head injury, mental status testing, external provocative testing, and standardized criteria used to return an athlete to competition. Chapter 9, Spinal Conditions, now includes detailed discussion and illustrations of the brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, and sacral plexus. New information is presented on cervical spinal stenosis, spear tackler's spine, classification of burners, suprascapular nerve injury, and sacroiliac joint sprains. Chapter 10, Throat, Thorax, and Visceral Conditions, provides information on the anatomy of the genitalia and associated conditions. New information is presented on pulmonary contusions, hernias, liver contusion and rupture, kidney injuries, and common nonmusculoskeletal sources of abdominal pain. Chapter 11, Shoulder Conditions, now includes expanded coverage of the kinematics of the throwing motion, and thoracic outlet compression syndrome. New information is presented on the classification of acromioclavicular sprains, and on glenohumeral instabilities and glenoid labrum tears. Chapter 12, Upper Arm, Elbow, and Forearm Conditions, includes expanded coverage of bursitis and neural entrapment injuries. Chapter 13, Wrist and Hand Conditions, includes expanded coverage of joint anatomy of the wrist articulations, retinacula of the wrist, and tendon sheaths, along with new information on dislocations of the wrist and fingers, intersection syndrome, anterior interosseous nerve syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar tunnel syndrome, distal posterior interosseous nerve syndrome, superficial radial nerve entrapment, and Kienbock's disease. Chapter 14, Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh Conditions, includes new information on the sacroiliac joint, sacrococcygeal joint, pubic symphysis, bony structure of the thigh, Q-angle, toxic synovitis, and obturator nerve entrapment. Expanded coverage is provided on hip pointers, quadriceps contusions, acute compartment syndrome, ischial bursitis, hamstrings strains, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, and osteitis pubis. Chapter 15, Knee Conditions, now includes expanded coverage of the joint capsule and bursae, anterior cruciate ligament, patellofemoral joint, Q-angle, A-angle, bursitis, multidirectional instabilities, knee dislocations, patellar instability and dislocations, Sinding-Larsen-Johansson's disease, and stress fractures. Chapter 16, Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot Conditions, includes expanded anatomical coverage of the talocrural joint, subtalar joint, and plantar fascia, along with new information on lateral ankle sprains, Achilles tendinitis, exertional compartment syndrome, and venous disorders. New sections have been added on hallux rigidus, hallux valgus, mallet toe, reverse turf toe (soccer toe), bunions, retrocalcaneal bursitis, syndesmosis sprains, subtalar sprains, subtalar dislocations, tarsal tunnel syndrome, sural nerve entrapment, and a Lis-Franc injury. Chapter 17, Environmental Conditions, includes more information on air pollution and exercise, and new information on exercising in thunderstorms. Chapter 18, Respiratory Tract Conditions, explains how to use a metered-dose inhaler, and a peak flowmeter, in the management of asthma. Chapter 19, Gastrointestinal Conditions, includes information on dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, dyspepsia, peptic ulcers, gastritis, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, constipation, and hemorrhoids. Chapter 20, The Diabetic Athlete, discusses the physiological basis of diabetes, explains the four types of diabetes mellitus and complications that may arise from the disease, and provides nutrition and exercise recommendations. Chapter 21, Common Infectious Diseases, presents current information on common childhood diseases, infectious mononucleosis, viral meningitis, sexually transmitted diseases, hepatitis, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Chapter 22, Seizure Disorders, explains the difference between seizure disorders and epilepsy, details the causes of epilepsy, classification of seizures, seizure management, discusses medications and epilepsy, and suggests physical activity guidelines. Cliapter 23, Blood Pressure Disorders, presents a major section on hypertension, including causes, risk factors for developing it, categories and classifications, and management of the condition through lifestyle modification, exercise, and pharmaceutical medications. Hypotension is also presented along with nonneurogenic causes and nonpharmacologic treatment of orthostatic hypotension. Chapter 24, Sudden Death, discusses cardiac and noncardiac causes of sudden death, details ACSM coronary artery disease risk factors, explains screening techniques for Marfan's syndrome, recommendations for screening for sudden death during the cardiovascular preparticipation examination, and diagnostic tests used to identify individuals at risk for sudden death. Chapter 25, Conditions of the Female Athlete, Disabled Athlete, and Senior Athlete, highlights injuries and conditions that can affect special populations across the lifespan. The section on the Female Athlete includes discussion on the menstrual cycle, menstrual irregularities, endometriosis, premenstrual syndrome, birth control and sport participation, pregnancy and sport participation, anemia, eating disorders, osteoporosis, and the Female Triad. The section on the Disabled Athlete covers common injuries and conditions associated with wheelchair, amputee, cerebral palsy, and the visually impaired athlete. Common upper and lower extremity considerations are discussed for the Senior Athlete. Chapter 26, Pharmacology, introduces the student athletic trainer to pharmacokinetics, the study of how a drug moves through the body to produce the desired effects. Factors that contribute to the therapeutic effect of a drug are followed by discussion on drug interactions and adverse drug reactions. Chapter 27, Dermatology, illustrates the common types of skin lesions, and discusses the more common bacterial, fungal, and viral skin conditions. The chapter also includes discussion on common skin irritations not related to a skin infection. Color plates illustrate the more common skin conditions. Aus dem Vorwort