Abstract des Autors

A vast amount of research has been conducted in the past 15 yrs to quantify the impact of both aerobic training (AT) and strength training (ST) on older men and women. We have attempted to review the data concerning the effects of both training modalities on cardiovascular (CV) and musculoskeletal health in older adults. The available literature does not provide definitive answers relative to many critical aspects of CV and musculoskeletal health in older persons, as only a small number of studies have addressed some key parameters, and because data are often lacking for specific responses in women. Furthermore, there is a virtual lack of data assessing the interactions between both forms of training and hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. However, the available data clearly indicate that both AT and ST offer a wide range of benefits to older adults. Some evidence indicates that both AT and ST may improve BMD, glucose homeostasis, and overall risk for falling. However, if older persons want to increase their CV fitness, decrease their elevated BP, improve their plasma lipoprotein-lipid profile, or ameliorate their LV hypertrophy to optimize their health status, AT would appear to be the most efficacious training mode. On the other hand, if older adults want to increase their muscle mass and strength, and possibly also their muscle quality, ST should clearly be their first choice. For other CV and musculoskeletal health variables, the optimal training mode is not known, often because not enough data are available relative to the variable in question. However, with the possible exception of flexibility, which may decrease with both AT and ST, neither form of training has been shown to result in worsening of any of the key CV and musculoskeletal health parameters. Perhaps the best concluding recommendation we can provide to older adults who want a program to optimize their current and future health, is to initiate a well-rounded physical activity program, one that includes both AT and ST and probably also incorporates specific flexibility and balance exercises. Verf.-Referat