Abstract des Autors

The aim of this study was to calculate the theoretical variation of the nonlinear damping factor (B) as a function of the muscle shortening velocity, and then to compare the theoretical values with the experimental data obtained on both the elbow flexor and the ankle extensor muscles. The theoretical variation of the B factor was determined from a muscle model consisting of a contractile component in parallel with a viscous damper both in series with an elastic component, and by using the characteristic equation of the force velocity curve. In this muscle model, the viscous element modelled the inability of the muscle to generate as big a contracting force (while shortening) as possible under isometric conditions. Eight volunteer subjects performed maximal concentric elbow flexions and ankle extensions on an isokinetic ergometer at angular velocities of 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360ø/s, and held two maximal isometric actions at an elbow angle of 90ø (0ø correponds to the full extension) and at an ankle angle of 0ø (0ø corresponds to the foot flexion of 90ø relative to the leg axis). From these measurements, the force and the shortening velocity values of each muscle were determined by using a musculo-skeletal model of the joint. The results showed that the theoretical behaviour of the B factor would seem to be dependent on the shortening velocity and on the parameter which varies according to the muscle fibre type composition and affects the curvature of the force-velocity curve (af). For each muscle group, the experimental data of B fitted with the theoretical equation, and the best fit was obtained for an af of 0.28 for the ankle extensor and of 0.32 for the elbow flexor muscles. These results indicated that from the muscle model used in the present study it is possible to describe the mechanical behaviour of the muscle during maximal concentric action.