Abstract

There is a scientific rationale for the safe use of carefully selected medical and nutrient supplements aside from water and balanced electrolytes. If used judiciously, the carefully selected supplements may help to minimize some of the adverse effects of sports and exercise. The present studies deal with the rationale behind these supplementary substances as well as their safety and toxicities. Part of the rationale involves free radical reactions and the antioxidant supplements that can control them. Another part of the rationale relates to the endogenous opioids released by stress, and the use of antioxidants to block the pathologic effects on the immune system and nervous system. Most antioxidants can be self-administered in a preventive manner. However, some are more complex and must be medically administered, as in the case of acute injuries to the central nervous system that may occur in skiing, boxing, and bobsleding. The basic rationale for the use of certain antioxidants rests on the production of pathologic free radicals and the release of excessive endogenous opioids during the sport and vigorous exercise. This paper will examine the substances that counter these pathogenic factors as well as other nutrient supplements such as single amino acids, glandulars, trace metals, oils, and neutrotransmitter precursors. Verf.-Referat