Abstract des Autors

Concussion is a transient impairment of brain function without structural damage. The player may be unconscious briefly or merely confused, but he should be observed for further damage. Danger signs indicating serious head injury include headache, confusion, nausea, unequal pupils, loss of consciousness, and increased blood pressure. Anyone with such signs should be taken to a hospital immediately. Brain damage can result from a skull fracture, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, or other injury. Cervical spine injury can cause paralysis. Persons with suspected serious neck injuries must be moved like a log so that additional damage is not done. The players helmet should be left on. External hemorrhage usually can be stopped by direct pressure on the wound. Internal hemorrhage is less obvious. Signs of shock include pale, damp skin; restlessness; nausea; and decreased blood pressure. The victim is placed on his back with legs elevated and taken to a hospital immediately. Heat stroke, a condition marked by high body temperature and absence of sweating, is a medical emergency because the high body temperature can cause brain damage and death within a few minutes. Immediately cool the victim by packing him in ice or immersing him in cold water; then evacuate him to a hospital. Verf.-Referat