Abstract

In the last decade, the functional basis of joint stabilization has been investigated in clinical as well as in biomechanical research projects. Preventive concepts have been developed in order to reduce the number of injuries. Protection of the joint of the lower extremity and prevention of injuries should take two mechanisms into consideration: passive, mechanical stabilization is provided by the anatomical congruency within the physiological limits of the bony structures. It has been demonstrated that high axial loading enhances this passive stabilization. Additionally, this passive stabilization may be enhanced by the ligaments in the capsule of the joint system. By means of passive external stabilization aids (orthotic devices or tape bandages) the internal passive mechanisms can effectively be supported within the limits of the physiological range of motion (ROM). Active joint stabilization, however, has to be provided by the muscles and the tendons acting around the joint complex. Synergistic and antagonistic muscle contractions can stabilize and protect the joints either voluntarily or reflex induced. It has been shown that especially the reflex induced activation contributions are highly effective for the prevention of sports related injuries. However, their functional role and their adaptability has not been addressed in scientific literature systematically. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effective improvements in joint stability induced by a proprioceptive training regimen. Specific emphasis was given to the reflex induced neuromuscular and coordinative components of the active joint stabilizing system. Einleitung (erweitert)