Zusammenfassung

Introduction. Extradural anesthesia is a successfull procedure in many operations.This is also a suitable and elective anesthetic procedure in many operations have particular hemodynamic conditions. Hence the onset time on this of anesthesia is slow and the degree of sensory and motor block is relatively variable in many cases, this procedure is not accepted by anesthesiologists and surgeons. So, inspite of its priority in many cases, it is less used. Thegoal of this study is to achieve a practical and effective solution to shorten the onset of analgesia and increasing analgesic duration which studies adding ketamin to bupivacain in extradural anesthesia. Methods. This study is a double blinded randomized clinical trial. Forty adult patients in class 1 and 2 of ASA who have been candidate for elective lower limb or lower abdominal surgery in Al-zahra and Kashani medical center in 1998 were selected. Without receiving any premedications, all of the patients received 500 CC ringer lactated solution before onset of anesthesia and they were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 received 20 cc of 0.5 percent bupivacain+0.5cc of 0.9 percent normal saline. Group 2 (interventional) received 20 cc of 0.5 percent bupivacain + 0.5 cc of Ketamin (25mg). The onset of sensory block and the duration of sensory and motor block were measured and compared in both groups. Results. The onset of sensory block in interventional group was shorter than in controlled group. The duration of sensory block in interventional group was longer than in controlled group. The duration of the motor block was longer in controlled group than interventional group (P < 0.05). Discussion. Adding ketamin to bupivacain results in earlier onset and longer duration of analgesia in extradural anesthesia. This effect may be due to the inhibitory effect of the ketamin on posterior nerve root activity in spinal cord which can be an effective mechanism of ketamin in making analgesia.