Adaptive goal setting and financial incentives: a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial to increase adults’ physical activity
Autor: | Marc A. Adams; Jane C. Hurley; Michael Todd; Nishat Bhuiyan; Catherine L. Jarrett; Wesley J. Tucker; Kevin E. Hollingshead; Siddhartha S. Angadi |
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Sprache: | Englisch |
Veröffentlicht: |
2017 |
Quelle: | Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
Online Zugang: |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-017-4197-8 https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2458 doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4197-8 1471-2458 https://doaj.org/article/671a91b2123b4f438a87e367207c93f2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4197-8 https://doaj.org/article/671a91b2123b4f438a87e367207c93f2 |
Erfassungsnummer: | ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:671a91b2123b4f438a87e367207c93f2 |
Zusammenfassung
Abstract Background Emerging interventions that rely on and harness variability in behavior to adapt to individual performance over time may outperform interventions that prescribe static goals (e.g., 10,000 steps/day). The purpose of this factorial trial was to compare adaptive vs. static goal setting and immediate vs. delayed, non-contingent financial rewards for increasing free-living physical activity (PA). Methods A 4-month 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial tested main effects for goal setting (adaptive vs. static goals) and rewards (immediate vs. delayed) and interactions between factors to increase steps/day as measured by a Fitbit Zip. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) minutes/day was examined as a secondary outcome. Results Participants (N = 96) were mainly female (77%), aged 41 ± 9.5 years, and all were insufficiently active and overweight/obese (mean BMI = 34.1 ± 6.2). Participants across all groups increased by 2389 steps/day on average from baseline to intervention phase (p < .001). Participants receiving static goals showed a stronger increase in steps per day from baseline phase to intervention phase (2630 steps/day) than those receiving adaptive goals (2149 steps/day; difference = 482 steps/day, p = .095). Participants receiving immediate rewards showed stronger improvement (2762 step/day increase) from baseline to intervention phase than those receiving delayed rewards (2016 steps/day increase; difference = 746 steps/day, p = .009). However, the adaptive goals group showed a slower decrease in steps/day from the beginning of the intervention phase to the end of the intervention phase (i.e. less than half the rate) compared to the static goals group (−7.7 steps vs. -18.3 steps each day; difference = 10.7 steps/day, p < .001) resulting in better improvements for the adaptive goals group by study end. Rate of change over the intervention phase did not differ between reward groups. Significant goal phase x goal setting x reward interactions were observed. Conclusions Adaptive goals ...