Effect of photobiomodulation and exercise on early remodeling of the Achilles tendon in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
| Autor: | Anderson Rodrigues de Oliveira; Flávio Santos da Silva; Raul Hernandes Bortolin; Dáfiny Emanuele da Silva Marques; Gracielle Vieira Ramos; Rita C Marqueti; Naisandra Bezerra da Silva; Karina Carla de Paula Medeiros; Márcio Assolin Corrêa; João Paulo Matos Santos Lima; Adriana Augusto de Rezende; Paul W Ackermann; Bento J Abreu; Wouber Hérickson de Brito Vieira |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2019 |
| Quelle: | Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
| Online Zugang: |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211643 https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211643 https://doaj.org/article/3ff8f5b92b514ba79ccf25489f527986 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211643 https://doaj.org/article/3ff8f5b92b514ba79ccf25489f527986 |
| Erfassungsnummer: | ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3ff8f5b92b514ba79ccf25489f527986 |
Zusammenfassung
The aim of this study was to compare the treatment effects of laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) therapy and aerobic exercise on the biomechanical properties, tissue morphology and the expression of tendon matrix molecules during early remodeling of Achilles tendon (AT) injury in diabetic rats. Animals were randomly assigned to five groups: injured non diabetic (I, n = 15), injured diabetic (ID, n = 15), injured diabetic plus LPBM (IDL, n = 16), injured diabetic plus aerobic exercise (IDE, n = 16) and injured diabetic plus aerobic exercise and LPBM (IDEAL, n = 17). Type 1 diabetes was induced via a single intravenous injection of Streptozotocin at a dose of 40 mg/kg. A partial tenotomy was performed in the right AT. LPBM was performed with an indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide 660 nm 10 mW laser device (spot size 0.04 cm2, power density 250 mW/cm2, irradiation duration 16 s, energy 0.16 J, energy density 4 J/cm2) on alternate days for a total of 9 sessions over 3 weeks (total energy 1.44 J), using a stationary contact technique to a single point over the dorsal aspect of the AT. Moderate aerobic exercise was performed on a motorized treadmill (velocity 9 m/min for 60 minutes). At 3 weeks post-injury, biomechanical analyzes as well as assessment of fibroblast number and orientation were performed. Collagen 1 (Col1) and 3 (Col3) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -3 and 13 protein distributions were studied by immunohistochemistry; while Col1 and Col3 and MMP-2 and 9 gene expression were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). IDEAL exhibited significant increases in several biomechanical parameters in comparison to the other groups. Moreover, IDEAL presented stronger Col1 immunoreactivity when compared to ID, and weaker Col3 immunoreactivity than IDE. Both IDL and IDEAL demonstrated weaker expression of MMP-3 in comparison to I, while IDL presented no expression of MMP-13 when compared to ID. ID, IDL and IDE showed an increased number of fibroblasts in comparison to I, while IDEAL decreased the number of these ...