Effect of internal vs. external focus of attention instructions on countermovement jump variables in NCAA division I student-athletes
Deutscher übersetzter Titel: | Die Auswirkung interner versus externer Aufmerksamkeitsfokusinstruktionen auf die Variablen des Countermovement-Sprungs bei Studentensportlern der Division I der NCAA |
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Autor: | Kershner, Alexandra L.; Fry, Andrew C.; Cabarkapa, Dimitrije |
Erschienen in: | Journal of strength and conditioning research |
Veröffentlicht: | 33 (2019), 6, S. 1467-1473, Lit. |
Format: | Literatur (SPOLIT) |
Publikationstyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
Medienart: | Elektronische Ressource (online) Gedruckte Ressource |
Sprache: | Englisch |
ISSN: | 1064-8011, 1533-4287 |
DOI: | 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003129 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online Zugang: | |
Erfassungsnummer: | PU201907004990 |
Quelle: | BISp |
Abstract des Autors
The purpose of this study was compare the effect of internal and external focus of attention instructions on force-time characteristics of the countermovement jump (CMJ) in collegiate student-athletes. Forty-three resistance-trained men (x ± SD; age = 20 ± 1.5 years) on an NCAA Division I baseball team volunteered to participate in this study. Each participant performed a total of 16 CMJs on a force platform while holding a wooden dowel on their shoulders to eliminate arm swing. Force and power parameters such as jump height (JH), peak velocity (PV), and mean concentric velocity (MCV) were calculated from force-time and position data. Paired-sample t -tests and Cohen’s d effect sizes were used to examine differences between conditions. When subjects were instructed using an external focus, they demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) greater JH, PV, and MCV compared with jumps performed with the internal focus (external JH = 48.0 ± 5.6 cm, internal JH = 46.4 ± 5.4 cm; external PV = 3.6 ± 0.3 m•s −1, internal PV = 3.5 ± 0.3 m•s −1; and external MCV = 2.31 ± 0.22 m•s −1, internal MCV = 2.25 ± 0.23 m•s −1). It is interesting to note that there was superior recall of the internal instructions during the manipulation checks that may suggest that the subjects consciously processed these instructions to a greater extent and reduced internal condition performance. These results indicate that instructions can alter the efficiency and performance of a skill. According to the literature and this study, if an optimum performance metric is desired, external focus of attention instructions should be used.