Abstract des Autors

This review summarizes the ways for natural antioxidants to participate in the formation of metabolic basis of the physical performance process in athletes under conditions of oxidative stress. It is shown that one of the main system factors - oxidative stress - hindering the growth of physical performance is mediated by loads of the training process. The mechanisms of natural antioxidants action such as ceruloplasmin, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotic products, which are components of the physical performance stimulation process, are clarified. It is shown that, besides the direct antioxidative effect, the manifestation of the ergogenic action requires membranotropic (membranoprotective), detox, immuno- and cardioprotective properties. It has been established that the effect of described factors that are involved in the formation of physical performance metabolic basis and possess the antioxidative effect on the body can be associated with a variety of other changes in organism homeostasis: from the depletion of ATP in cells and the accumulation of catecholamines to the expression of genetic markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and cell apoptosis. The conclusions of this work are these: a decrease in physical workability of athletes is associated with the appearance of oxidative stress, which is revealed by the activation of lipids peroxide oxidation processes with a simultaneous depression of organism intrinsic antioxidative system. The manifestations of oxidative stress on the level of cellular membranes adequately represent the total magnitude of oxidative stress. Antioxidative properties of the studied pharmacological agents of natural origin are coupled with the presence of a membranotropic action, which allows one to refer the preparations with such biological effects to ergogenic ones. Violation of a structural-functional state of membranes of erythrocytes due to oxidative stress causes a disturbance of their shape and volume, which influences moderately the process of transport of oxygen to muscular tissues of athletes and, thus, decreases the physical workability. Increase in the permeability of cellular and subcellular membranes is accompanied by the ejection of lysosomal proteinases from cells and provokes the process of limited proteolysis, which causes the accumulation of toxic products of the uncompleted metabolism and influences negatively the stimulation of the workability. The accumulation of pro-oxidant factors can induce the apoptosis of cells, which becomes a factor decreasing the physical workability under physical loads. Establishment of the antioxidative action of probiotics creates the additional metabolic preconditions for a growth of athletes’ physical workability. Application of natural antioxidants with metabolitotropic character, which has different structures and belongs to different pharmacological classes, is accompanied by a stimulation of the physical workability, in the first turn, due to the improvement of a state of cellular and subcellular membranes.