Investigation of linear impact energy management and product claims of a novel American football helmet liner component
Deutscher übersetzter Titel: | Untersuchung des linearen Stoßenergiemanagements und Produktansprüche an eine neuartige Verkleidung eines American Football Helmes |
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Autor: | Krzeminski, David E.; Goetz, James T.; Janisse, Andrew P.; Lippa, Nadine M.; Gould, Trenton E.; Rawlins, James W.; Piland, Scott G. |
Erschienen in: | Sports technology |
Veröffentlicht: | 4 (2011), 1/2, S. 65-76, Lit. |
Format: | Literatur (SPOLIT) |
Publikationstyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
Medienart: | Elektronische Ressource (online) Gedruckte Ressource |
Sprache: | Englisch |
ISSN: | 1934-6182, 1934-6190 |
DOI: | 10.1080/19346182.2012.691508 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online Zugang: | |
Erfassungsnummer: | PU201509006990 |
Quelle: | BISp |
Abstract des Autors
The pursuit to abate sport-related concussion necessitates thorough evaluation of protective technologies and product claims. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to: (i) define the linear impulse and compression behavior of the Aware-Flow shock absorber (the primary energy managing component of Xenith X1 football helmet); (ii) characterize resultant force–time curves utilizing compressive loading behavior of foam materials; and (iii) verify and define published findings and product claims. Absorbers (N = 24) from three adult X1 football helmets were impacted at predefined velocities of 1.3, 2.3, 3.0, 4.0, and 4.7 m·s− 1. Linear impulsive forces were ideally managed up to 3.0 m·s− 1 (25.4 J). The foam-filled pad improved impact energy attenuation and increased velocity-specific durability. The leptokurtic region of the 4.0 and 4.7 m·s− 1 impulse curves substantiated a third phase, defined as densification, as demonstrated by the maximum compression height approaching 90%. The adoption of elastic-plastic foam terminology was recommended based upon examination of the shock absorber design and resultant phased force-time curves. Results validated published findings on the prototype thin-walled collapsible air-filled chamber component and substantiated velocity-specific support for Aware-Flow shock absorber product claims.