Abstract des Autors

Cold tempering and physical exercises are the common means of strengthening of the immune system. However, the use of these mean is associated with a number of organizational difficulties. For exercises it is definition of the optimal volume and intensity of loads, as a positive crossover effect is promoted only by the load of recreational physical culture. Overloads in elite sport cause immunosuppression (the negative cross effect). There are some organizational problems with cold tempering. The main difficulty of "tough” methods of hardening is that under extreme conditions the human body is unable to simultaneously show the maximum of all its functions. Therefore, strong stimuli provoke intensification of some functional systems accompanied by inhibition of others. That is why numerous facts of negative results of the suboptimal adaptation to hypoxia, cold, physical loads, expressed in reducing of organs' weight characteristics, reduction of cells in the liver, kidneys, etc. are presented in the literature. It makes researchers and practitioners seek ways to optimize the process of control of hardening. We are interested in the possibility of using a cold test for this purpose, which was the subject of this study. The study involved 19 students aged 19-20 years. The cold test was carried out according to M. Ya. Marshak in our modification. An aluminum cylinder of diameter 20 mm and wall thickness 1 mm, filled with ice was used as the cold stimulus. The regularities identified in the body's response to the cold test, conducted in different ways help to optimize the selection of options for tempering procedures depending on the initial state of the body, to assess its effectiveness, take into account the mutual influence of the combination of hardening and multi-purpose exercises. Verf.-Referat