Abstract des Autors

The aim of the study is to present a comprehensive review of scientific works and studies dealing with biomechanical research in artistic gymnastics with focus on the vault discipline. Review study summarizes the results of research work from the kinematic analysis of vault in gymnastics. For practical conclusions of the review we deliver essential insight into the kinematics of motion in different phases of the vault. Vault primarily depends on the horizontal velocity reached in the run up phase. In the phase of the take-off from the spring board and vaulting table, the loss of the horizontal element of velocity has to be minimized and the vertical element of velocity maximized and the take-off has to be performed in a short time interval while keeping the full extent of the movement. In the phase of the contact and take-off from the vaulting horse, the loss of the horizontal element of velocity has to be minimized and the vertical element of velocity maximized. Optimal angle of the take-off provides a sufficient height of the centre of gravity above the mat, duration of the second flight phase and horizontal displacement from the vaulting horse during landing. Verf.-Referat