Speed in the javelin throw : an analysis of the javelin of disabled and non disabled top national athletes

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Deutscher übersetzter Titel:Geschwindigkeit im Speerwerfen : eine Analyse des Speerwurfs von behinderten und nichtbehinderten Sportlern der nationalen Spitze
Autor:Meyer, Guido; Lühnenschloß, Dagmar
Erschienen in:Current trends in performance analysis : World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport VIII ; selected proceedings ; Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Department of Sports Science, Deutschland, 03rd - 06th September 2008
Veröffentlicht:Aachen: Shaker-Verlag (Verlag), 2009, S. 195-199, Lit.
Format: Literatur (SPOLIT)
Publikationstyp: Sammelwerksbeitrag
Medienart: Gedruckte Ressource
Sprache:Englisch
Schlagworte:
Online Zugang:
Erfassungsnummer:PU201012009173
Quelle:BISp

Abstract

Speed, which can be divided into complex and elementary speed, has a paramount influence on selected aspects of the javelin performance. The high movement velocity of the impulses of every single extremity have a great impact on the outcome of the throwing performance. The quality and quantity of the momentum conversation are determined by energetic and neural factors. The energy of the lower extremities is transmitted on to the following movement segments via an impulse step. This impulse step is furthermore significant for an optimal starting position after a high run up speed. Intra- and intermuscular coordination as well as the motor unit recruitment build the basis for a high movement velocity. Coordinative control mechanisms of elementary speed function as preparation for the impulse step. Due to findings about the frequency speed during movement it is possible to give information about motor unit recruitment and consequently about elementary speed. For the run up in javelin long "time programs" can be identified. The ground contact times, as a result of the time programs and reactive forces are primarily determined by control mechanisms and secondarily by the complex form of speed. Elementary speed mainly depends on the central nervous system as well as genetic factors. Furthermore the ontogeny contains sensitive phases, which are significant for the development of elementary speed. Therefore elementary speed performances should primarily be determined by time programs and secondarily by reactive forces. After the stage of pubescence no significant improvements can be expected. If time programs are seen as coordinative parameter, changes within these time programs are possible and furthermore determine the ground contact times. Based on the fact that optimal coordination can be found in cyclic movements and the stability of the time programs (x3) is given, reactive forces as well as elastic forces in tendons, ligaments and muscles are supposed to be responsible for the developmental course of the contact times. It can be assumed that an automation of the individual javelin movement causes an improvement of the javelin performance and an increase of the movement speed. It is a sub goal of the study of speed in javelin to explore the elementary and complex speed at the example of the run up in javelin. The research contains a complex empirical analysis of three male and one disabled female athlete. Five test cycles with 13 tests each were made over a time period of 8 weeks. The research can be seen as an individual case study due to the performance level of the selected athletes. A sitting tapping test was used to determine the ground contact times. Frequency speed of the lower extremities, as an indicator for elementary speed, was measured with the help of ground contact times (KT) and non-contact (KfT) times of the feet. Aus der Einleitung (erweitert)