Abstract

Increase of sports results of the short distance runners is uneven in different life periods. Most rapid increase of the results usually occurs between 14 and 20 years of age and it is determined by most intensive natural maturation of functional systems that ensures increase of motoric skills. Special training programmes for short distance runners additionally activate these systems and ensure most rapid increase of velocity indices and reveal individual abilities and skills (Radžiukynas, 1997, 2005). In elder age – 19-22 – natural maturation of body functional systems becomes stabilized, thus impact of training programs an the sporting results becomes higher. As a consequence, general and special preparedness level of sport distance runners changes respectively. It is important to find out how indices of physical fitness, special physical preparedness changes in 19-22 years old short distance runners during the 6 months preparation period and how these indices are related to sport results. The aim of this research was to evaluate physical and special physical preparedness level of 19-22 years old sprinters and to find its relation to the sport results. Main methods used were as follows: tests of physical and technical preparedness, tensodynamometry and methods of mathematical statistics. It was found that physical development indices – height, sitting height, legs` length, body mass, time of psychomotor reaction, movement frequency – did not change, whereas indices of physical preparedness power of right hand, standing (long) jump, standing triple jump, standing five-jump, 60 m running (fixed with start of first step) time, height of reach when doing standing jump upwards (both-legs take-off), height of reaching and of the jump (with the three steps run-up) when taking off with left and right legs, velocity of vertical moving of the body, duration of take-off and flight stages, static power and time of its reach – all these indices were slightly increasing during the 6 months period. The most significant correlation during the first and second testing had been noticed between competition results and length of horizontal jumps (triple jump r = - 0,75 and r = - 0,81, five-jump r = 0,61 and r = -0,78), height of vertical jumps (from r = - 0,84 and r = - 0,73), shorter time of reaching maximal static power r = 0,674), leg length (r = 0,57). Verf.-Referat