Abstract des Autors

Several studies suggest that strenuous physical activity enhances the susceptibility to bacterial infections. These are mostly represented by infections of the respiratory tract, gastroenteritis and infection of the skin and soft tissue. Only the latter, however, can surely be attributed to bacteria, while most episodes of tracheobronchitis and gastroenteritis are likely due to viral infections. The major risk of infection is shown by swimmers, long distance runners and contact sportsmen. Sport can weaken the defences against bacterial infections. It represents a non-specific favouring factor, since it can alter the anatomo-functional integrity of skin and mucosal surfaces through direct, trauma, exposure to atmospheric agents and adverse climatic conditions, innjury by particular clothing and equipment. In addition, physical exercise significantly influences cells and function of the natural and specific immune system. The pathogenetic role played by sport-induced changes in immunity, however, is far from being certain, since such changes are short-lived and fade in a relatively short time. Therefore, it is likely that the well conditioned athlete does not present an increased risk of infection, which occurs when particular conditions (inadequate training, insufficient recovery, wrong diet, inappropriate life-style, disease, abrupt climate changes) hinder the re-establishment of homeostasis after intense physical exercise. In this respect, the best prevention of infections relies on adequate training, correct diet, and proper personal hygiene and life-style. Great attention has to be paid when an athlete recovering from an infectious disease is re-admitted to agonistic activity. Complete recovery has to be ascertained not only on clinical grounds, but also, if appropriate, through laboratory testing. Training should be progressively restarted and an abrupt resumption of competitions avoided. Verf.-Referat