Biomechanisch-physiologische Analyse von klassischen Skilanglauftechniken am spezifizierten Laufband

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Leiter des Projekts:Lindinger, Stefan (Universität Salzburg / Institut für Sportwissenschaften, Tel.: 0662 8044-4850, lindinger at sbg.ac.at); Müller, Erich (Universität Salzburg / IFFB für Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaft / USI Christian Doppler Laborytory "Biomechanics in Skiing", Tel.: 0043 6628044-4886)
Mitarbeiter:Holmberg, Hans-Christer (Universität Salzburg / Institut für Sportwissenschaften, Tel.: 0662 8044-4850); Stöggl, Thomas Leonhard
Forschungseinrichtung:Universität Salzburg / Institut für Sportwissenschaften ; Universität Salzburg / IFFB für Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaft / USI Christian Doppler Laborytory "Biomechanics in Skiing"
Finanzierung:Eigenfinanzierung
Format: Projekt (SPOFOR)
Sprache:Deutsch
Projektlaufzeit:03/2003 - 12/2005
Schlagworte:
Erfassungsnummer:PR020031100168
Quelle:Jahreserhebung

Zusammenfassung

The importance of diagonal stride (DS) and double poling (DP) as main classical techniques has increased in modern cross-country ski racing during the last two decades. Several factors have contributed to this development. Better track preparation and markedly improved functional characteristics of the skies and poles have increased the fractional use of for example DP during a race and it has also been shown to be more economical, especially in the flatter part of the course. Moreover, the introductions of the skating technique in the 80´s and the sprint discipline during the last years have put more emphasis on upper body strength and endurance training. The consequence of this training has lead to physiological adaptations, which are also of importance in DP. Several studies have been performed to investigate physiological aspects of the DP technique. The specific aim of this project and these several studies was to perform a complex biomechanical and physiological analysis of the classic techniques in cross-country skiing at different speeds (including racing speed) in order to basically analyse complex mechanisms of those techniques and to advance hypotheses, which aspects contribute to performance. There is still a lack of knowledge on this and only a few studies have been performed on classic techniques in the last decade. These studies expands upon previous work by 1) including both upper and lower body regarding DP, 2) by using a combination of kinetic, kinematic and electromyography measurement methods and 3) are performed on elite male cross-country skiers.

(Zwischen)Ergebnisse

Teilprojekt-Doppelstocktechnik: The main findings of the present study were as follows: 1) Characteristic pole force pattern with an initial impact force peak at pole plant followed by a second, active force peak (PPF) positively correlated to the velocity at 85% of the skiers´ Vmax during DP, 2) An active flexion-extension pattern in the elbow, hip, knee and ankle joints with the angle minima, occurring around PPF, negatively correlated to the hip angle at pole plant, the minimum elbow angle during poling phase and the relative poling time, 3) Two different double poling (DP) strategies (A and B) were found, where strategy A was used by the better skiers and characterized by a higher angular elbow and hip flexion velocity, a smaller minimum elbow, hip and knee angle, a higher pole force and a shorter poling phase, 4) EMG activity in trunk (RA and OBLe) and hip flexors (RF), shoulder extensors (PMa, LD and TMa) and the elbow extensor triceps brachii followed a specific sequential pattern, most noticeably during the first half of the poling phase and 5) EMG activity in lower body muscles together with the above-mentioned joint movement in knee and ankle joints, demonstrated DP for competitive cross-country skiers is more than only upper body work.