Normative performance on the Balance Error Scoring System by youth, high school, and collegiate athletes
Deutscher übersetzter Titel: | Normative Leistungsfähigkeit im Balance Error Scoring System unter Jugend-, Highschool- und Collegesportlern |
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Autor: | Ozinga, Sarah J.; Linder, Susan M.; Miller Koop, Mandy; Dey, Tanujit; Figler, Richard; Russman, Andrew N.; So, Richard; Rosenthal, Alan H.; Cruickshank, Jason; Alberts, Jay L. |
Erschienen in: | Journal of athletic training |
Veröffentlicht: | 53 (2018), 7, S. 636-645, Lit. |
Format: | Literatur (SPOLIT) |
Publikationstyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
Medienart: | Elektronische Ressource (online) Gedruckte Ressource |
Sprache: | Englisch |
ISSN: | 1062-6050, 0160-8320, 1938-162X |
DOI: | 10.4085/1062-6050-129-17 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online Zugang: | |
Erfassungsnummer: | PU201811008354 |
Quelle: | BISp |
Abstract
Context: Annually, more than 1 million youth athletes in the United States receive or are suspected of receiving a concussion. The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) is the most commonly used clinical balance evaluation designed to provide a better understanding of the motor-control processes of individuals with concussion. Despite the widespread use of the BESS, a fundamental gap exists in applying this tool to young athletes, as normative values are lacking for this population.
Objective: To determine age- and sex-specific normative values for the BESS in youth, high school, and collegiate athletes.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: Local youth sport organizations, high schools, and colleges.
Patients or Other Participants: Student-athletes (N = 6762) completed preseason baseline concussion testing as part of a comprehensive concussion-management program. Groups were youth males aged 5 to 13 years (n = 360), high school males aged 14 to 18 years (n = 3743), collegiate males aged 19 to 23 years (n = 497), youth females aged 5 to 13 years (n = 246), high school females aged 14 to 18 years (n = 1673), and collegiate females aged 19 to 23 years (n = 243).
Main Outcome Measure(s): Errors according to the BESS specifications.
Results: Performance on the BESS was worse (P < .01) in youth athletes than in high school and collegiate athletes. In the youth and high school cohorts, females exhibited better scores than males (P < .05). Sex was not a factor for collegiate athletes. Data from the youth cohort were further subdivided into 4-year bins to evaluate potential motor-development differences. The error count was highest for 5- to 9-year-old males and decreased with age.
Conclusions: Performance on the BESS depended on sex and age, particularly in youth athletes. These sex- and age-specific normative values provide a reference to facilitate and unify clinical decision making across multiple providers caring for youth athletes with concussions.