Minimal evidence for a secondary loss of strength after an acute muscle injury : a systematic review and meta-analysis
Deutscher übersetzter Titel: | Minimale Evidenz für einen sekundären Kraftverlust nach akuter Muskelverletzung : eine systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse |
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Autor: | Warren, Gordon L.; Call, Jarrod A.; Farthing, Amy K.; Baadom-Piaro, Bemene |
Erschienen in: | Sports medicine |
Veröffentlicht: | 47 (2017), 1, S. 41-59, Lit. |
Format: | Literatur (SPOLIT) |
Publikationstyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
Medienart: | Elektronische Ressource (online) Gedruckte Ressource |
Sprache: | Englisch |
ISSN: | 0112-1642, 1179-2035 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s40279-016-0528-7 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online Zugang: | |
Erfassungsnummer: | PU201704002783 |
Quelle: | BISp |
Abstract des Autors
Background: An immediate loss of strength follows virtually all types of muscle injury but there is debate whether the initial strength loss is maximal or if a secondary loss of strength occurs during the first 3 days post-injury. Objective: The objective of this analysis was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature to determine if a secondary loss of strength occurs after an injurious initiating event. Methods: Literature searches were performed using eight electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Cochrane Library). Search terms included skeletal muscle AND (injur* OR damage*) AND (strength OR force OR torque). The extracted strength data were converted to a standard format by calculating the standardized mean difference, which is reported as the effect size (ES) along with its 95 % confidence interval (CI). The calculation of ES was designed so that a negative ES that was statistically less than zero would be interpreted as indicating a secondary loss of strength. Results: A total of 223 studies with over 4000 human and animal subjects yielded data on 262 independent groups and a total of 936 separate ESs. Our overall meta-analysis yielded a small-to-medium, positive overall ES that was statistically greater than zero (overall ES = +0.34, 95 % CI 0.27–0.40; P < 0.00000001). Considerable variation in ES was observed among studies (I2 = 86 %), which could be partially explained by the research group conducting the study, sex of the subject, day of post-injury strength assessment, whether fatigue was present immediately post-injury, and the muscle group injured. From the subgroup meta-analyses probing these variables, 36 subgroup ESs were calculated and none were statistically less than zero. Conclusion: Overall, our findings do not support the presence of a secondary loss of strength following an acute muscle injury, and strongly suggest that strength, on average, recovers steadily over the first 3 days post-injury.