Abstract des Autors

Training process in sport imposes high demands on athletes’ cardiovascular system. Results of incremental treadmill test revealed that young athletes perform intensive physical work with cardio strain, i.e. at high HR. That is why training for cardiac adaptation should be foreground at the initial stages of sport specialization. Hemodynamic monitoring allows assessing cardiovascular system dynamics in training. The analysis of such indicators as HR, SV, EDV and inotropy (heart contractility) in 30 12-14 year-old cross-country skiers made it possible to divide them into 3 groups with different training orientation. Group 1 (low aerobic fitness: SV< 70 ml, EDV<110 ml) underwent aerobic training and general exercises. For group 2 (moderate fitness with high inotropy: RHR< 65 bpm, SV>70 ml, EDV >110, inotropy > 45) general and specific exercises were used on cross-country terrain under HR control (upper limit is 160 bpm). Group 3 (moderate fitness with normal inotropy less than 40%) underwent intermittent training as well. Regular hemodynamic monitoring (once per 3 months) helped individualize training, transferring athletes from one group to another according to the monitoring results obtained, thus avoiding inadequate cardiac adaptation. Incremental tests carried out twice a year proved the effectiveness of the selected health-saving technologies.