Abstract des Autors

This article presents the paradoxical approach in relation to competitive sports performance. The approach is based partially on the Logotherapy Theory introduced by FRANKEL (1975). The theory consists of some basic paradoxical assumptions that characterize the human existence. The first assumption maintains that man does not seek relaxation. The second one maintains that man intentionally seek stress. The third assumption is that life does not produce enough stressful situations, so that man has to create them. The paradoxical approach consists of the "intentional paradox" in which the therapist encourages and leads the anxious individual to cope willingly with situations which evoke anxiety. The approach introduces 2 lines of change: the "first degree change" which occurs within a given system. This system does not alter. The "second degree of change" consists of a transfer to a completely different situation in which behavior is viewed as paradoxical. The approach to a problem which requires change includes phrasing of 4 stages: clear definition of the problem; examination of alternative experiences already experienced; clear definition of the desired change; and defining the intervention applied to solve the problem. The article presents various examples of paradoxical interventions and their applicability for competitive athletes. The interventions are recommended for direct treatment of the athlete as well as through the athlete's coach. Verf.-Referat