Abstract

Verf. gibt einen Ueberblick ueber sozialkritische Ansaetze im Sport. Waehrend Soziologen und Philosophen wie Risse, Jaspers und Scheler dem Sport positive Ausgleichsfunktionen gegenueber der fortschreitenden Idustrialisierung zuschreiben, bezeichnen Adorno, Habermas, Ellul u.a. den Leistungssport als Verdoppelung der Arbeitswelt oder brutale Selbstausbeutung. Die vorwiegend auf Marcuse rekurrierende neueste linke Gesellschaftskritik geht ueber diesen Standpunkt hinaus: Sport sei sestemstabilisierend, konfliktentschaerfend. Verf. untersucht ausfuehrlich die Ablehnung des Leistungsprinzips und die Alternative Lustprinzip. Er gesteht die Notwendigkeit von Ideologiekritik und philosophischer Analyse zu. Er fordert daher eine enge Kooperation zwischen Soziologie und Philosophie sowie Wissenschaftstheorie bei der theoretischen Analyse des Phaenomens Sport. Hinrichsen

Abstract

Sport has often been interpreted by philosophers and sociologists as a compensatory reaction against the demands and moulding influences of the industrial society or as a compulsory adaptation to the present System. Such Statements are often evaluating interpretations which have to be attributed to the so-called „critical" Macro-Sociology or to the criticism of ideologies developed by Social Philosophy. The compelling conviction that these problems are all „dictated by work" can not be maintained. Any monolithic global Interpretation of the function of Sports is bound to fail with regard to the many-sidedness of the phenomenon. The Interpretation of Sports in terms of high efficiency alone disregards the characteristics of Sports as does the total neglect of efficiency with regard to social demands. Furthermore competitive sports do not exclude a feeling of satisfaction and the emancipation of the athlete. In spite of all the amenities offered from outside, a high Performance in sports represents a personal action at last, achieved and experienced autonomously. The danger of Sports being determined from outside must be taken into account. Criticism of ideologies and philosophical analysis are necessary to reach critical explanations. They themselves are limited, however, as soon as they are based on dogmatic premises. Empirical micro-sociological analyses alone cannot provide systematic criticism of ideologies, but can at most falsify individual prejudices. That is why the cooperation of sociology, philosophy and scientific theory is indispensible for the theoretical analysis of the Sports phenomenon. Verf.-Referat