Abstract

This paper examines whether mineral supplements will enhance performance. Macrominerals (calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) and trace minerals (zinc, copper, selenium, chromium, and iron) are described. Ca supplements are important for healthy bones. Athletes tend to have enhanced Ca status as assessed by bone mineral density, with the exception of female amenorrhoeic athletes. Mg status is adequate for most athletes, and there is no evidence that Mg supplements can enhance performance. Phosphorus status is adequate for athletes. P supplementation over a long period of time can result in lowered blood Ca, however, some studies have shown that acute phosphate loading will enhance performance. Athletes may have zinc deficiency induced by poor diet and loss of Zn in sweat and urine. Limited data exist on the relationship of performance and Zn status. Deficiencies in copper have not been documented, and there are no data to suggest that Cu supplementation will enhance performance. There is no reason to suspect a selenium deficiency in athletes. The relationship between Se status and performance has not been established, but Se may play a role as an antioxidant. Because of the low intakes of chromium for the general population, there is a possibility that athletes may be deficient. Exercise may create a loss in Cr because of increased excretion via urine. Many athletes, particularly female, are iron depleted, but true iron deficiencies are rare. Iron supplements dont but iron deficiency anaemia does influence performance. Verf.-Referat