Effects and side effects of doping with psychostimulants and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Deutscher übersetzter Titel:Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen des Dopings mit Psychostimulantien und Betablockern
Autor:Palm, D.
Herausgeber:Bellotti, P.; Benzi, G.; Ljungqvist, A.
Erschienen in:World Symposium on Doping in Sport : Florence, Centro Affari, 10th-12th May, 1987 ; book exhibition catalogue
Veröffentlicht:Rom: 1988, S. 111-134, Lit.
Herausgeber:International Athletic Foundation ; Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera
Format: Literatur (SPOLIT)
Publikationstyp: Sammelwerksbeitrag
Medienart: Gedruckte Ressource
Sprache:Englisch
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Erfassungsnummer:PU198910037573
Quelle:BISp

Abstract

Besides cocaine, almost all psychostimulants are derivatives of phenylpropylamine (amphetamine) and phenylpropanolamine (norephedrine), e.g. methamphetamine and ephedrine resp., furthermore phenmetrazine, fenetylline, methylphenidate and numerous other compounds. Peripheral effects of the amphetamines are due to a release of noradrenaline from the sympathetic nerve endings (indirectly acting sympathomimetics). The central effects are elicited by the release of noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine and presumably certain co-transmitters from the resp. neurons. Simultaneoulsy, the re-uptake of these amines is inhibited resulting in long lasting increase of amine concentrations in the synaptic cleft. Cocaine is only a very potent uptake inhibitor. Especially the cardiovascular system is affected by cocaine and the less lipophilic phenmylpropanolamines. Heart rate and total peripheral restistance are enhanced, tremor of the extremities and - dependent on the dose - metabolic changes will occur. Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs: They were originally synthesized as anoretics without CNS-stimulating effects. These drugs are abused-as doping agents for ameliorating the somatic manifestations of stagefright (e.g. tremor, palpitations). Certain athletes like ski jumpers, bob riders and shooters may benefit from the peripheral (presumably not central) inhibition of beta-1 and beta-2 adrenoceptors. Maximal exercise capacity, however, will be decreased. It has to be stated, that also these drugs should be banned for ethical and also medical reasons. Side effects with regard to the cardiovascular and broncho-pulmonary system may occur also in apparently healthy athletes. Verf.-Referat