Abstract

Within the construct of Gentiles (1975) model, part one of this review examined a range of visual parameters relative to their contribution to motor learning and performance. The demands placed on the oculomotor/visual processes may be extended to include other parameters pertinent to the sporting environment such as exercise of varying levels of intensity and duration and the altitude at which performance takes place. Sufficient evidence was found to support the notion that static visual acuity (SVA) was enhanced by exercise of varying levels of intensity and duration, while kinetic visual acuity (KVA) suffered decrements at the moderate and severe exercise levels. Theories of sensory facilitation and the separate existence of a visual centre for moving objects within the central nervous system were proposed in respect of the above. Findings related to the effect of exercise on phoria, depth perception and peripheral vision were inconclusive. The hypoxic effects of performing at altitude were responsible for retinal haemorrhages and decrements in peripheral visual response times. Evidence to the effect that a range of visual abilities may be enhanced by training programs is presented. However, further rigorous work is required in this area to determine whether the positive outcomes of such training subsequently results in enhanced sports performance. Limitations in existing research and implications for the identification of athletic talent are also discussed. Verf.-Referat