Abstract des Autors

The aim of this work was to obtain an insight into the influence exerted upon plasma lipid parameters by high quality physical training in different specialities of nine Olympic sports. We compared the concentrations of serum cholesterol (TC), total lipids (TL), triglycerides (TG), HDL, LDL, VLDL, and distribution of HDL, LDL, and VLDL of elite athletes, separated into 11 groups of athletic specialities, with those obtained from a group of selected sedentary controls. We also compared the lipoprotein ratio factor (RF) values TC/HDL and LDL/HDL. The athletic disciplines examined were football, basketball, volleyball, boxing, wrestling, judo, sailing, skiing (slalom), track (two groups), and throwing-jumping. Football, volleyball, judo, SD and LD running, and the total sum of athletes had significantly higher HDL than the controls. Football, basketball, volleyball and all the disciplines taken together showed significantly lower LDL. Boxing, judo, and LD running had significantly lower VLDL and volleyball, SD, and LD running significantly lower VLDL. Volleyball had significantly lower TL, boxing and volleyball lower TC, while judo, boxing, SD and LD running had lower TG. Sailing had significantly lower HDL and higher LDL and TL than the controls; wrestling, skiing, and throwing-jumping did not differ. In all the athletes ta ken together, V02max or relative body weight, with respect to HDL and TC/HDL, were found to be slightly correlated. Endurance sports, such as team games, as well as short- and long-distance running showed favorable HDL and RF values, indicating that these sports seem to be protective against atherogenesis. In strength sports lipid values were found to be nearer to normal values. We believe the RF TC/HDL to be a useful parameter to assess adaptations of lipid profiles to physical training and different specialities.