An evaluation of football helmets under impact conditions
Deutscher übersetzter Titel: | Eine Bewertung von Football-Helmen unter Aufprallbedingungen |
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Autor: | Bishop, Patrick J.; Norman, Robert W.; Kozey, John W. |
Erschienen in: | The American journal of sports medicine |
Veröffentlicht: | 12 (1984), 3, S. 233-236, Lit. |
Format: | Literatur (SPOLIT) |
Publikationstyp: | Zeitschriftenartikel |
Medienart: | Gedruckte Ressource |
Sprache: | Englisch |
ISSN: | 0363-5465, 1552-3365 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online Zugang: | |
Erfassungsnummer: | PU198407001181 |
Quelle: | BISp |
Abstract
The impact attenuating characteristics of a sample of 81 football helmets used in competitive high school programs were determined using a Hodgson-Wayne State University (WSI) headform and a modified National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) test protocol. The helmets, classified by liner type as suspension (37), padded-suspension (22), and padded (22) had been in use for 6 to 8 years. Each was subjected to two consecutive right rear boss impacts from a drop height of 1.5 m, onto a rigid anvil covered with a 45 durometer hardness rubber pad. Analogue signals from a triaxial accelerometer located at the center of gravity of the headform were analogue to digital (A/D) converted at 6060.6 Hz and processed on a Hewlett Packard 9845B minicomputer to yield a resultant acceleration-time curve from which peak acceleration (gpeak) and the Gadd Severity Index (GSI) were determined. The mean peak was 205 g for helmets with suspension liners, 165 g for helmets with padded-suspension liners, and 156 g for helmets with padded liners. Twenty-four suspension helmets and five padded or padded-suspension helmets had GSI values greater than 1200. Using a criterion of GSI1500, the failure rate for suspension helmets was 19 compared to 2 for padded and padded-suspension helmets combined. If the criterion chosen was GSI1200, the failure rate for suspension helmets was 65 as opposed to 11 for the padded and padded-suspension helmets combined. Suspension helmets are decidedly inferior under impact conditions to thepadded and padded-suspension helmets. Verf.-Referat